5. REFORM
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14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 american colonization soiety | 1817, calls for gradual emancipation and removal of freed blacks to Africa Northern religious reformers, and a few Southern (border state) slave owners SUPER mean, say that the Africans are miserable, degraded, ignorant, and should be sent back to Africa super innefective. In 13 years, they only manage to send 1400 slaves to Liberia African Americans mostly reject colonization idea, they want slavery to end and blacks to be treated equally in AMERICA |
| Gag rule | enforced in 1836 in Washington by S to prevent consideration by Congress of abolitionist petitions passed by Congress under Jackon's approval South stifles all slavery debates, some people free but most just remain silent, especially Christian Ministers were forced to conform many Northerners view it as threat to freedom of speech, Southerners as a necessary defense Adams is so convincing in anti gag rule that it is repealed in 1844 people-women- make personal petitions, regardless of congress |
| "Burned over" district | Upstate NY where communities had religious revivals caused by the Second Great Awakening of religion (new, more radical beliefs commenced). |
| black codes | before civil war reform laws passed by states and municipalities in south late 1830's denying right to carry firearms, purchase slaves, testify against whites, hold office, vote, or serve in militia. Also had the criminal penalties given to slaves (whippings and summary judgements w/o jury trial. white people scared that freed black people would influence slaves. scared b/c white=free black=slave is not true anymore |
| southern politics | ⅔ of all southerners did not own slaves, but slave owners still dominated the political (and social) life of the south. southern yeomen and poor white men were also enthusiastic members of the politics in the south voted overwhelmingly for Andrew Jackson drawn to his policy of ruthless expansionism, his appeals to the common man, and his rags-to-riches ascent they wished to emulate a career like Jackson supported the leaders they hoped to join Wealthy planters lived in isolation on their plantations with their family and slaves sustained political activity (and also family networks, common boarding schools, and visits) in order to create and maintain a distinctive lifestyle that was modeled on that of the English aristocracy for men, the gentlemanly lifestyle meant being involved in masculine activities like politics, hunting, soldiering, etc. |
| Nat Turner's Revolt: | Nat Turner (literate, preacher, slave, leader in slave community) began plotting his revolt after a religious vision turner and 5 other slaves first kill Travis (Turner's master, who was very kind to Turner), and then moved from plantation to plantation, killing 65 white people total. By morning there was a group of 60 slaves revolting and they fled from a group of white army men. 40+ blacks executed after the revolt, including Turner. |
| nat turners revolt effect on white people | Made white southerners think that if intelligent and well-treated slaves like Turner could plot revolts, how could the white southerners ever feel safe? Revolts exposed the truth that white southerners liked to ignore: only force could keep african americans enslaved, and b/c no system of control could ever be total, white southerners could never be completely safe from revolt.S barricades its self from outside |
| Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy: | The most carefully devised slave revolt in which rebels planned to seize control of Charleston, SC and escape to freedom in Haiti (free black republic) but they were betrayed by other slaves and 75 conspirators were executed. SC legislature passes bill requiring all black seamen to be jailed (Charlestonians believed that free black seamen were spreading antislavery ideas among their slaves).Showed the harm that irresponsible northern antislavery talk could cause. |
| shakers | Oldest Utopian group, abolishment of traditional family and instead a family of brothers and sisters joined in equal fellowship followers of mother lee ann preached strict celibacy and communal living 1774 offshoot of quakers |
| Oneida | similar to the Shakers in that they viewed themselves as one family, but took part in "sexual freedom" (HIGHLY REGULATED GROUP SEXUAL ACTIVITY. ONLY SPIRITUALLY ADVANCED MALES COULD FATHER CHILDREN. WTF). |
| morminism | Joseph Smith started it based on the Book of Mormon, which he claimed he got from an angel in a vision. became distinct for it's extreme unity close cooperation and hard work some resented Mormon exclusiveness/economic success and they Mormons were harassed. Found home in Illinois where they built a model community. |
| effect of slave revolts | whites scared for rebellion anytime anything that challenged master slave relationship threat to entire system closed themselves off from outsiders |
| Gabriel's Rebellion | Slave revolt that failed when Gabriel Prosser (slave preacher and blacksmith) organized 1000 slaves for an attack on Richmond, Virginia in 1800. |
| southern defense of slavery | Bible and the ancient Greece and Rome societies. Strongest defense was the constitution allowed slavery. Slavery was essential to the southern way of life. James henryn hammond 1836 adress to congress denying that slavery was evil claimed that slave class was a mudsill a necessary part of society 1854 george fitzhugh "negro slaves are the happiest, and in some sense , the freest people in the world" because they were completely taken care of by the concerned white masters thought northern "wage slaves were worse off because they were not taken care of and in south master and slave were bonded together by a "community of interests" ministers think that if they preached about obedient slaves system= more humane |
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