| Term | Definition |
| Atmosphere | the emotional feeling-or mood-of a place, scene, or event |
| Attitude | describes the feelings of a particular speaker or piece of writing toward a subject, person, or idea. This expression is often used as a synonym for tone |
| Bathos | false or forced emotion that is often humorous |
| Contrasts | oppositions, to elaborate ideas |
| Diction | author's choice of words; contributes to the tone of a text |
| Elegiac, elegy | work (of music. literature, dance, or art) that expresses sorrow; it mourns the loss of something, such as the death of a loved one |
| Ethos | the characteristic spirit or ideal that informs a work; refers more generally to ethics, or values |
| Euphamism | mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea |
| Exposition | refers to writing or speech that is organized to explain |
| Fiction | from the Latin word meaning to invent, to dream, to imagine |
| Figurative language | is an umbrella term for all uses of language that imply an imaginative comparison |
| Foreshadowing | purposeful hint placed in a work of literature to suggest what may occur later in the narrative |
| Grammar | a set of rules that specify how a given language is used effectively |
| Hyperbole | a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to achieve emphasis |
| Imagery | a mental picture that is conjured by specific words and associations, but there can be auditory and sensory components to imagery as well |
| Irony | occurs when a situation produces an outcome that is the opposite of what is expected |
| Juxtaposition | When two contrasting things-ideas, words, or sentence elements-are placed next to each other for comparison |
| Logos | refers to the use of reason as a controlling principle in an argument in rhetorical writing, authors often attempt to persuade readers by appealing to their sense of reason |
| Metaphor | figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared directly; usually for emphasis or dramatic effect |
| Metonymy | figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it |
| Mood | the prevailing or dominant feeling of a work, scene, or event |