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somatic cell Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell. homologus chromosomes a pair of chromosomes which contain similar genes arranged in the same ( or almost the same) order along the chromosome locus the specific site of a particular gene on its chromosome sex chromosomes x,y autosomes chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual diploid (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number haploid of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes fertilization process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell meiosis (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms prophase 1 Pairing of homologous chromosomes, crossing over occurs, nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindles form. metaphase 1 homologous pairs line up in center, Spindle fibers attach to the chromosmes. anaphase 1 the fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell telophase 1 nucleus reforms, sister chromatids uncoil, cytokinesis finishes, end up with 2 daughter cells (haploid) meiosis 2 2 daughter cells from meiosis now enter second meiotic division cytoknesis The cytoplasm completely splits, organelles divide and are split between the 2 new cells