Bio Chapter 5
Order by
25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell cycle | the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells |
| Mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus and its contents |
| Cytokinesis | the process that divides the cell cytoplasm |
| Chromosome | one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information |
| Histone | protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps |
| Chromatin | loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase |
| Chromatid | one half of a duplicated chromosome |
| Centromere | region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis |
| Telomere | repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes |
| Prophase | first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell |
| Metaphase | second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator |
| Anaphase | third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell |
| Telophase | last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble |
| Growth factor | broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division |
| Apoptosis | programmed cell death |
| Cancer | common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division |
| Benign | having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous |
| Malignant | cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organisms health |
| Metastasize | to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body |
| carcinogen | substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer |
| asexual reproduction | process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes |
| Binary fission | asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two equal parts |
| Tissue | a group of cells that work together to perform a similar function |
| Organ | a group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions |
| Stem cell | cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.