| Term | Definition |
|---|
| anthropogenic | human-induced changes on the natural environment |
| cartography | theory and practice of making visual representations of the earth's surface in the form of maps |
| cultural ecology | study of the interactions between societies and the natural environments they live in |
| cultural landscape | human-modified natural landscape specifically conataining the imprint of a particular culture or society |
| earth system science | systematic approach to physical geography that looks at the interaction between the earth's physical systems and processes on a global scale |
| environmental geography | intersection between human and physical geography, which explores the spatial impacts humans have on the physical environment and vice versa |
| Eratosthenes | head librarian at Alexandria during the 3rd century B.C.; one of the first cartographers; calculated earth's circumference |
| Fertile Crescent | name given to crescent-shaped area of fertile land stretching from the lower Nile valley, along the east Mediterranean coast, and into Syria and present-day Iraq where agriculture and early civilization first began bout 8000 B.C. |
| GIS | set of computer tools used to capture, store, transform, analyze, and display geographic data |
| GPS | set of satellites used to help determine location anywhere on the earth's surface with a portable electronic device |
| idiographic | pertaining to the unique facts or characteristics of a particular place |
| George Perkins Marsh | inventor, diplomat, politician, and scholar his classic work, "Man and Nature" provided the first description of the extent to which natural systems had been impacted by human actions |
| natural landscape | physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by human activities |
| nomothetic | concepts or rules that can be applied universally |
| W.D. Pattison | claimed that geography drew from four distinct traditions: earth-scien, culture-environment, locational, and area-analysis traditions |
| physical geography | realm of geography that studies the structures, processes, distributions, and change through time of the natural phenomena of the earth's surface |
| Ptolemy | Roman geographer-astronomer and author of "Guide to Geography" which included maps containing a grid system of latitude/longitude |
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