Bio Vocab 5
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Created by:
carolineLpratt on January 9, 2012
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell Cycle | pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell |
| Mitosis | process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents |
| Cytokinesis | process by which the cell cytoplasm divides |
| Chromosome | long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information |
| Histone | protein that organizes chromosomes and DNA wraps around this |
| Chromatin | loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase |
| Chromatid | one half of a duplicated chromosome |
| Centromere | region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis |
| Telomere | repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent gene loss |
| Prophase | 1st phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell |
| Metaphase | 2nd phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator |
| Anaphase | 3rd phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell |
| Telophase | last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble |
| Growth Factor | broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division |
| Apoptosis | programmed cell death |
| Cancer | common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division |
| Benign | having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous |
| Malignant | cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism's health |
| Metastasize | to spread by transferring a disease causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body |
| Carcinogen | substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer |
| Asexual Reproduction | process by which offspring are produced from a single parent, does not involve the joining of gametes |
| Binary Fission | asexual reproduction in which cell divides into 2 equal parts |
| Tissue | group of cells that work together to preform a similar function |
| Organ | group of different types of tissues that work together to preform a specific function or related functions |
| Stem Cell | cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated |
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