Holt Biology Chapter 16 Evolution
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 evolution | change over time in a population |
| adaptation | inheriting of a trait that helps an organism survive in it's environment |
| natural selection | A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment. |
| homologous structures | structures that are similar in appearance and function |
| convergent evolution | where 2 species not living in the same environment adapt similar traits |
| coevolution | process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| artificial selection | breeders control variation of traits |
| Lamark | developed the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics. Any changes that occured from the use or disuse of a trait would be passed on to the offspring. Proved wrong later on. |
| Lyell/Hutton | They found that like how the Earth changes slowly and gradually, it's been around long enough for species to change gradually as well. |
| Malthus | All populations are limited by their environment. Resources can't support the growth of the population because they will generally produce more than can be supported. |
| Four steps of Darwin's Theory of Evolution | Overproduction, variation, selection, adaptation |
| fossils | traces of organisms who lived in the past hurrr |
| microevolution | change in genes of populations |
| macroevolution | appearance of new species over time |
| speciation | formation of new species |
| migration | movement of individuals into or out of populations. can change the number and types of alleles in those populations. |
| Mate choice | Parents choose their mates and so there is a limited set of traits that will be passed on |
| Mutation | Changes the number and types of alleles as generations go on. Rare though. |
| Genetic Drift | Random effects cause differences in the survival and reproduction of individuals. Alleles may become more or less common |
| Adaptive Radiation | One species can split into a bunch of different species. |
| Extinction | Pw0ned |
| Gradualism | Gradual changes over time. Large scale changes (new species) require gradual small changes. |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | An environment might randomly change suddenly so the species adapt super quickly and sometimes new species are formed. Pretty much opposite of Gradualism. |
| Analogous Structures | Similar in function but not structure |
| divergent evolution | when two or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time |
| niche | the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species) -like it's "job" or role |
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