Rehab II: Cerebellar and Basal Ganglia Disorders
About this set
Created by:
skyliele on April 29, 2009
Subjects:
rehabilitation, rehab 2, Physical Therapy
Classes:
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Two parts of the forebrain | Telencephalon, Diencephalon |
| 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system | autonomic and somatic |
| Diencephalon includes | Thalamus, Hypothalamus |
| Cerebellum operates in a feed___ direction | feed-forward |
| 4 processes of recovery after damage to nervous system | Plasticity, Sparing, Compensation (substitution), Recovery of tissue |
| Substitution after damage to the nervous system is | using what you have left to do the skill |
| Sparing is | training what is left in the nervous system |
| Cerebellum compares intended activity with | the actual changes occurring in the body and then initiates corrective adjustments |
| 3 parts of the cerebellum | Spino, Cerebro, Vestibulocerellum |
| Vestibulocerebellum receives input from the | vestibular receptors as well as vestibular nuclei |
| Vestibulocerebellum coordinates | head movement with eye movement |
| Spinocerebellum regulates | posture and controls axial movments as well as ongoing execution of limb movements. Compensates for small variations in load |
| Spinocerebellum receives somatosensory input from the | Spinal cord and trigeminal nuclei |
| Cerebrocerebellum gets extensive input from | sensory and premotor cortices via pontine nuclei. |
| Cerebrocerebellum is important for __ movements | multi-joint |
| planning, timing, learning new skilled movement occurs in what part of the cerebellum | cerebrocerebellum |
| Dysmetria, ataxia and hypotonia are signs of | Cerebellar lesion |
| Hypotonia is | low muscle tome |
| Adiadokokinesia is the | complete inability to coordinate antagonist |
| Clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction | hypotonia, intention tremor, poor balance and gait, nystagmus, dysdiadokokinesia, dysmetria, ataxia |
| The basal ganglia includes these three parts | the striatum, the substantia nigra and the subthalamic nucleus |
| The Striatum includes | the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen |
| The Basal ganglia does not control | movement directly. It does not have a motor pathway to the spinal cord of its own. |
| The basal ganglia controls movement via the | thalamus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brainstem |
| Basal ganglia function in the | planning, sequencing and initiation of movement |
| Lesions to the basal ganglia may cause | rigidity, tremor, ballism, dystonia, chorea |
| Dystonia is | prolonged muscle contractions with difficulty relaxing the contraction |
| chorea is | rapid irregular movements |
| 2 diseases of the basal ganglia | Parkinson's and Huntington's |
| Huntington's disease is characterized by | rapid choreiform jerky involuntary movements, dementia and is hereditary dominant |
| 50% of offspring inherit | Huntington's disease |
| Huntington's disease usually starts with | psychological symptoms including depression, memory impairment, anxiety and sexual probs |
| Parkinson's is a slow progressive disease caused by a depletion of | dopamine, which is produced by the substantia nigra |
| 4 non-idiopathic etiologies of Parkinson's: | Infectious (encephalitis lethargica); toxins (industrial poisons, synthetic heroin); pharmacologic (drugs producing Parkinson's like symptoms); degenerative diseases of CNS |
| Patients with Parkinson's have bradykinesia which is | movement reduced in speed, range, and amplitude. Can also mean difficulty initiating movement |
| Leadpipe rigidity | Smooth constant resistance to passive movement |
| Resting tremors stop with | movement |
| Decreased postural reactions can be caused by | Parkinson's |
| Hypomimia is | mask like face |
| Festinating gait is | increase in walking speed due to forward leaning trunk and displaced center of gravity. |
| Propulsive gait is... | forward acceleration |
| retropulsive gait is... | backward acceleration |
| micrographia is | very small hard to read handwriting |
| Dementia occurs in this % of Parkinson's patients | 35 to 40% |
| Dysphagia, ANS dysfunction and cogwheel rigidity are signs of | Parkinson's disease (three things) |
| Deep brain stimulation is a Parkinson's treatment for this type of patient | one whose meds don't work as well as before or not enough; DBS is better for younger people than older |
| Brain implants work via | 4 electrodes in the thalamus and they block malfunctioning brain signals (tremors). Can be turned on/off with a magnet |
| Good PT options for Parkinson's | Gait training, rotation, gentle rocking, PNF, AROM and PROM, breathing exercises |
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