| Term | Definition |
|---|
| chemistry | study of matter and its reactions |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| properties | characteristics used to describe a substance |
| gas | phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume |
| liquid | phase of matter with a definate volume, but no definite shape |
| phase | form of matter |
| solid | phase of matter with a definite shape and volume |
| condensation | change from gas to a liquid |
| evaporation | change from a liquid to a gas at the surface of the liquid |
| freezing | change from a liquid to a solid |
| melting | change from a solid to a liquid |
| chemical change | change that produces new substances |
| physical change | change that does not produce new substances |
| elements | simple substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| chemical symbols | shorthand way of writing the names of the elements |
| group | vertical column of elements in the periodic table |
| period | horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| periodic | repeating pattern |
| atom | smallest part of an element that can be identified as that element |
| electron | negatively charged particle |
| neutron | neutral particle |
| nucleus | center, or core, of an atom |
| proton | positively charged particle |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic mass | total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic mass units |
| mass number | number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| energy level | place in an atom where an electron is most likely to be found |
| compound | substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined |
| molecule | smallest part of a substance that has all the properties of the substance |
| substance | any element or compound |
| mixture | two or more substances that have been mixed together but not chemically combined |
| chemical formula | way of writing the name of a compound using chemical symbols |
| subscript | number written to the lower right of a chemical symbol |
| hydrogen | H |
| helium | He |
| carbon | C |
| nitrogen | N |
| oxygen | O |
| sodium | Na |
| aluminum | Al |
| sulfur | S |
| chlorine | Cl |
| calcium | Ca |
| iron | Fe |
| copper | Cu |
| silver | Ag |
| gold | Au |
| lead | Pb |
| zinc | Zn |
| nickel | Ni |
| iodine | I |
| potassium | K |
| mercury | Hg |
| K shell | can hold up to 2 electrons |
| L shell | can hold up to 8 electrons |
| M shell | can hold up to 18 electrons |
| kinetic | energy of motion |
| balance | intrument used to measure mass |
| graduated cylinder | instrument used to measure volume of a liquid |
| meniscus | ability of liquid to cling to the side of container. Proper measurement is at the bottom of the curve |
| product | a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| reactant | a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction |
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