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wave a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space. medium a solid, liquid, gas , or combonation of these. transverse wave Matter in the medium moves back and forth at right angles to the direction that the wave travels. compressional wave Matter in the medium moves back and forth along the same direction that the wave travels. crests the high point in a transverse wave. troughs low point in a transverse wave. rarefactions less dense region of a compressional wave. wavelength the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it. frequency The number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second. period the amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a point. amplitude related to the energy tranferred by a wave. intensity The amount of energy transferred by a sound wave through a certain area each second. loudness the human perciption of sound intensity. decibel a unit on the scale for sound intensity. pitch the human perception of the frequency of sound waves. doppler effect change in pitch or frequency due to the relative motion of a wave source. opaque material that absorbs or reflects all light and does not transmit any light, material in top candleholder(pg327). translucent material that transmits some light but not enough to see objects clearly through it. material in middle candleholder(pg327). transparent material that transmits almost all the light striking it so that objects can be clearly seen through it material such as the one in the bottom candleholder(pg327). index of refraction the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material.