1.
Anachronism: something from a former time which is out of place in the present
2.
Canonization: adding of a person to an approved list of saints
3.
Chiaroscuro: the shading with light and dark to achieve a sculptural effect
4.
Colossal Order: an architectural element which runs through three stories uninterrupted
5.
Contrapposto: human stance in which the hips and the legs are one way, the shoulders and chest another-it results in a shift in weight which creates tension on one side and relaxation on the other
6.
Emulation: involved modeling one's work after another artist
7.
Endowments: gifts of money by a wealthy family to build a chapel as expressions of piety and devotion
8.
Equestrian Statue: featured a person riding horseback (a moveable throne)
9.
Foreshortening: the diminishing of certain dimensions of an object or figure in order to depict it in correct spatial relationship
10.
Humanism: for the Italians this embraced an emphasis on education and expanding knowledge (especially classical antiquity) and an exploration of individual potential and a desire to excel, as well as commitment to civic responsibility and moral duty
11.
Imitation: copying the works of the masters
12.
Martyrs: those who have suffered and died for Christianity
13.
Patrons: wealthy individuals who commissioned numerous art works and buildings. They were heads of princely courts who often hired court artists and their courts were centers of power and culture
14.
Portrait: a likeness of the person being painted or sculpted
15.
Princely Courts: the prince was in essence the lord of a territory. He could often have been a duke, marquis, cardinal, pope, tyrant or papal vicar
16.
Purgatory: the way station between heaven and hell where persons could atone for their sins before Judgement Day
17.
Renaissance: rebirth of interest in art, literature, architecture and life of the Greco-Roman world
18.
Saint: person who has demonstrated a dedication to God's service
19.
Spatial Illusion: an attempt to show three dimensional space on a two dimensional surface
20.
Tactile Value: the painting evokes the memory of the sensation felt from the texture on the painting
21.
Trompe L'oeil: "fool the eye"