1.
Alternate energy sources: wind, solar, waves, biomass, geothermal, fuel cells
2.
Best solution to energy shortage: conservation and increase efficiency
3.
Cogeneration: using waste heat to make electricity
4.
Cons of petroleum: reserves deplted soon, pollution during drilling, transport and refining, burning makes CO2
5.
Electricity is generated by: using steam (from water boiled bu fossil fuels or nuclear) or falling water to turn a generator
6.
Estimate of how long a radioactive isotope must be stored until it decays to a safe level: approximately 10 half lives
7.
Half Life: the time it takes for 1/2 the mass of a radioistop to decay
8.
High Quality Energy: organized & concentrated, can perform useful work (fossil fuel & nuclear)
9.
Ionizing Radiation: enough energy to knock electrons from atoms forming ions, cample of causing cancer (gamma, x-rays, uv)
10.
Low Quality Energy: disorganized, dispersed (heat in ocean or air wind, solar)
11.
Major parts of a nuclear reactor: core, control rods, steam generator, turbine, containment building
12.
Nuclear fission: nuclei of istopes split apart when struck by neutrons
13.
Nuclear fusion: 2 isotopes of ligth elements (H) forced together at high temperatures till they fuse to form a heavier nucleus. expensive, break even point not reached yet
14.
Petroleum forms from: microscopic aquatic organisms in sediments converted by heat & pressure into a mixture of hydrocarbons
15.
Pros of petroleum: cheap, easily transported, high quality energy
16.
Steps in coal formation: peat - lignite - bituminous - anthracite
17.
Two most serious nuclear accidents: Chernobyl, Ukraine; Three Mile island, PA