Ecology
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choconana99 on January 10, 2012
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ecology | scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment |
| Biosphere | Highest level of biological organization. It is made up of all the ecosystems on Earth. |
| Biome | regions with similar climates and ecosystems. They are named for the plants and animals that are dominant in that area. |
| Ecosystem | Communities and the abiotic (non-living)factors that affect them. |
| Community | Populations of different species that interact in the same way. |
| Population | All the individuals of the same species in the same area at the same time. |
| Organism | A single individual from a population. |
| Producers | an organism that makes its own food by photosynthesis using energy from the sun (pg. 487) Ex. Green plants, algae, bacteria, phytoplankton |
| Primary Consumers | an animal that eats only plants (Ex. caterpillar, mouse, rabbit, deer, cow) |
| Secondary Consumers | animals that feed on producers or primary consumers in a food chain. |
| Tertiary Consumers | an animal that eats only animals |
| Decomposers | organisms that obtain energy when they break down the bodies of dead organisms |
| Food Chain | a diagram used to show how energy from food passes from one organism to another [Ex. sunflower seed --> mouse --> snake --> hawk----(Hawk dies)--->bacteria] |
| Food Web | a diagram that describes several overlapping food chains; it shows how energy moves through a community |
| Energy Pyramid | a diagram that shows the transfer of energy through a community |
| Wetland | ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface of the soil for at least part of the year, it provides a good habitat for organisms. |
| Primary Succession | Occurs after a glacier retreats, when little topsoil is present. |
| Secondary Succession | Occurs if soil remains after a disturbance, such as a forest fire. |
| Water Cycle | evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff |
| Fixed Nitrogen | Lightning, bacteria |
| Nitrates | the form of nitrogen that can be used by plants |
| Interdependence | the dependence of every organism on its connections with another other living |
| Symbiosis | the relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent |
| Mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship |
| Commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is unaffected |
| Parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and consequently harms it |
| Competition | the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource |
| Predation | an interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism |
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