Anatomy and Physiology
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perfect_paige on January 10, 2012
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anatomy | Study of the organization, structure, (morphology) and form of the body and its parts. |
| Physiology | Study of functions of the body parts. What they do and how they do it. |
| Form follows function | The conservation of a part will ditate the function or vice-versa. |
| From most microscopic to largest, the body is organized in this manner: | Atoms, molecules (and macromolecules), organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism. |
| Metabolism | the sum total of all chemical reactions in the body that break down and build up substances. |
| Metabolism can | affect and be affected by all functions of the body such as heart rate, breathing, etc. |
| Characteristics of Life Movement | change in position of the body or a body part; motion of an organ. |
| CoL Responsiveness | reaction to change inside or outside the body. |
| CoL Growth | increase in size without change in shape |
| CoL Reproduction | making new organisms and/or new cells. |
| CoL Respiration | exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the release of energy from foods. |
| CoL Digestion | breakdown of food into simpler substances that can be used by the body |
| CoL Absorption | passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids. |
| CoL Circulation | movement of substances in body fluids. |
| CoL Assimilation | changing absorbed substances into chemically different forms. |
| CoL Excretion | removal of wastes |
| Requirements of Organisms Water | metabolic processes, transportation, regulating body temp. |
| RoO Foods | nutrients, energy, building blocks |
| RoO Oxygen | releases energy from food |
| RoO Heat | energy; byproduct of metabolic |
| RoO Pressure | a force applied to something; atmospheric pressure; hydrostatic pressure. |
| Homeostasis | maintaining a stable internal environment even if external environment changes |
| Homeostatic Mechanisms | help the body maintain stability |
| Receptors | receive info about the conditions of the internal environment. |
| Set point | tells what a particular value SHOULD be (Ex. body temp, pulse) |
| Effectors | make responses that alter conditions in the internal environment to push it towards the set point |
| Two types of feedback | Negative and positive feedback |
| Negative feedback | when correcting the problem brings the value back to normal, and the action of effectors gradually shut down. |
| Positive feedback | when the body is stimulated to get further AWAY from the set point on purpose. |
| Major features | cavities, membranes, and organ systems. |
| The body can be divided into | appendicular and axial portions |
| Appendicular portion | upper and lower limbs - no cavities. Ex. arms, legs |
| Axial portion | head, neck, and trunk...which includes a dorsal and ventral cavity |
| Dorsal | back |
| Ventral | front |
| Viscera | organs within the dorsal and ventral cavity |
| Dorsal cavity can be divided into | cranial cavity and vertebral canal |
| Cranial | head |
| Vertebral | spine |
| Ventral cavity is made up of | thoracic cavity and and abdominopelvic cavity separated by the diaphragm |
| Thoracic | chest |
| Mediastinum | divides the thorax into right and left halves |
| Abdominopelvic | can be divided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity |
| Smaller cavities in the head | oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities. |
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