Bone Tissue
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Functions of the skeleton | 1. provides a wide range of movements 2. supports the body 3. stores calcium and phosphate ions 4. produces blood cells 5. protects internal organs 6. acid-base balance (buffers the blood by absorbing/releasing alkaline salts) |
| long bones | supports weight and are involved in movement and are mostly compact bone -bones of arms legs hands feet |
| short bones | used for flexibility and precise movements in multiple directions - bones of the wrists and ankles |
| flat bones | protects underlying organs and contains 2 thin layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between -bones of the skull sternum ribs and shoulder blades |
| irregular bones | protect internal organs and makes up the vertebrae and some skull bones |
| diaphysis | the bone shaft mostly compact bone |
| periosteum | protective fibrous membrane that protects the bone. aids in muscle attachment and blood supply to the bone |
| epiphysis | the ends of the bone mostly spongy bone containing a layer of cartilage on the outside |
| yellow marrow | adipose tussue stored in the shaft or medullary cavity of the bone |
| red marrow | produces blood cells located at the ends of the bone in the epiphysis |
| epiphyseal line | separates the marrow space between the epiphysis and the diaphysis |
| compact bone | composed of dense white osseous tissue outer layer of hard dense bone that contains calcium phosphate (inorganic) and the protein collagen (organic) |
| spongy bone | loosely formed osseous tissue located at the ends of the bone inner layer that contains many rods, plates, and spines (trabeculae) contains many open spaces that contain red marrow |
| articular cartilage | hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of the bone |
| osteogenic cells | stem cells that develop from fibroblasts and give rise to most other bone cells |
| osteoblasts | are bone forming cells. they synthesize the soft organic matter of the bone matrix which hardens by mineral deposition (matrix=hard nonliving part of the bone) |
| osteocytes | former osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they deposited, they are mature bone cells |
| osteoclasts | are bone dissolving cells found on the bone surface. they develop from the bone marrow stem cells (get calcium out) |
| lamelae | concentric circles that are arranged around a central canal |
| haversian canal | run lengthwise containing blood vessels and a nerve |
| osteon | a unit of lamalae that contain alternating rings of calcium salts and collagen protein |
| lacunae | cavities located in the lamelae that contain osteocytes |
| perforating canals | (volkmann) cross the matrix and feed into the central canals or haversian canals |
| canaliculi | channels that connect lacunae |
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