Ch 15 Respiratory System - old
About this set
Created by:
DrDavila Plus on January 10, 2012
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
98 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 functions of respiratory system | air distributor, gas exchanger, cleans/warms/filters air, smell, sound |
| upper respiratory tract | nose, pharynx, larynx |
| lower respiratory tract organs | trachea, bronchial tree, bronchi, lungs |
| vibrissae | nose hairs |
| nose functions | warms and moistens inhaled air, olefaction |
| nasal cavity | space behind nose lined with mucus membrane |
| external nares | nostrils |
| internal nares | from nasal cavities to the pharynx |
| nasal polyp | noncancerous growths that project from nasal mucosa |
| palate | forms floor of cavity from oral cavity |
| hard palate | anterior portion of nose, bone support |
| soft palate | posterior portion of nose, no bone support |
| uvula | downward projection from palate, directs food into the oropharynx |
| nasal concha | 3 shelf-like bony structures, increases surface ovr which air must flow |
| paranasal sinuses | aids production of respiratory mucus, lighten skull weight, sound production, warm & moisten air |
| four sinuses | frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary |
| pharynx | throat, passageway for air & food |
| nasopharynx | uppermost part, behind nasal cavities, palantine tonsils located in posterior wall |
| oropharynx | posterior to the oral cavity, palantine & lingual tonsils here |
| laryngopharynx | most inferior part, extends from hyoid bone to larynx |
| larynx | voice box, located below pharynx, mucous lined, air production |
| thyroid cartilage | adam's apple, largest cartilage in larynx |
| cricoid cartilage | most inferior cartilage in larynx |
| epiglottis | partly covers opening into larynx, trap door during swallowing |
| vocal cords | sound production, stretches across interior of larynx, made of 2 ligaments |
| true vocal cords | function in voice production |
| false vocal cords | work with epiglottis to prevent choking |
| glottis | space between vocal cords |
| rhinitis | nasal inflammation, ie-cold, influenza, allergy |
| infectious rhinitis | comon cold, aka-coryza, rhinosinitis |
| allergic rhinitis | hay fever |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the paranasal sinuses |
| pharyngitis | sore throat, infection or inflammation of pharynx, causes-virus, bacteria, smoking, croup |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx resulting from infection or irritation |
| deviated septum | septum abnormally far from the midsagittal line, blockage of 1 side of nasal cavity |
| epitaxis | nose bleed |
| trachea | windpipe, tube extending from larynx into the thoracic cavity, mucous lined, non-collapsible, passageway for air to move to and from lungs |
| bronchi and bronchioles | air distribution, passageway for air tomove to and from alveoli |
| primary bronchi | first main branches off trachea, R and L |
| secondary bronchi | branched off from the primary bronchi |
| bronchioles | branched off from the secondary bronchi |
| alveoli | air sacs that end in clusters, respiratory gases exchanged between air and blood, thin walled and in contact with blood capillaries |
| surfactant | substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, keeps alveoli from collapsing during expiration |
| lungs and pleura | 2 lungs, 1 area of attachment (hilum/root), fills chest cavity, separated by mediastinem |
| right lung | 3 lobes, shorter, broader, more volume that L lung |
| left lung | 2 lobes |
| apex | narrow upper part of each lung, under collarbone |
| base | broad lower part of each lung, rests on diaphragm |
| structure of pleura | moist, smooth, slippery membrane, covers outer surface of lungs, reduces friction between the lungs & chest wall during breathing |
| parietal | lines the walls of pleura |
| visceral | lines the lungs |
| pulmonary ventilation | breathing, control is by nervous stimulation from breathing centers in brain (medulla, pons) |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura, restricts normal breathing cuz of constant rubbing of visceral & parietal pleura during breathing |
| atelectasis | incomplete expansion of the lungs, pressure on lungs coming from outside |
| pneumothorax | air in the pleural space one side of the chest |
| hemothorax | presence of blood in the pleural space, due to trauma or disease |
| respiratory distress | inability to inflate the alveoli |
| infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) | inability to produce surfactant, leading cause of death in premies |
| adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | impairment of production or removal of surfactant, caused by inhalation of foreign substances |
| asthma | acute or chronic, sensitive air conducting passages |
| acute asthma | triggered by stress, allergens, illness, smooth muscles around the bronchial tree constrict |
| respiration | exchange of gasses between a living organism & it's environment, 02 moves out of air into the blood, c02 moves out of the blood into the air |
| external respiration | exchange of gases between air in the lungs and the blood |
| internal respiration | exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body |
| cellular respiration | use of 02 by cells during metabolism |
| inspiration | air moves into the lungs, active process, increase in size of chest cavity, reduces pressure, air enters, diaphragm contracts |
| expiration | air moves out of the lungs, passive process, diaphragm relaxes |
| intercostals | internal and external, involved in breathing |
| exchange flow | de-02 blood flows from RV into PA, returns into PV and empties into the LAtrium |
| diffusion | movement is passive, 02 in alveoli diffuses into the capillary |
| oxyhgb | 02 in blood combines with hgb in RBC's so can be carried to body tissue |
| carbaminohgb | C02 combines with hgb, C02 high in pulmonary capillaries and low in alveoli |
| spirometer | instrument that measures the amount of air in breathing |
| tidal volume (TV) | amount of air normally breathed in or out with each breath |
| vital capacity (VC) | largest amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs in 1 preath |
| expiratory reserve volume (ERV) | amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tidal volume |
| inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) | amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration |
| residual volume (RV) | air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration, keeps lungs from collapsing |
| respiratory control center | medulla, pons (inspiratory center), cerebral cortex (can modify rate with voluntary respiration) |
| chemoreceptors | located in carotid & aortic bodies, sends nerve impulses to respiratory regulatory centers that can modify rate |
| pulmonary stretch receptors | located in lungs to keep alveoli from over-inflating |
| eupnea | normal respiratory rate |
| hyperventilation | rapid and deep breathing |
| hypoventilation | shallow and slow breathing |
| dyspnea | difficulty in breathing, painful breath |
| orthopnea | sitting up to releive dyspnea |
| cheyne strokes | alternate periods of apnea and hyperventilation, seen when death approaches |
| apnea | breathing stops |
| respiratory arrest | no breathing, failure toresume breathing after apnea |
| acute bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi and/or trachea, viral or bacterial |
| pneumonia | acute inflammation in which lung airways become blocked, caused more oft by strep |
| tuberculosis | chronic, highly contagious lung infection |
| restrictive pulmonary disorders | reduce ability of lung tissues to stretch, ex cystic fibrosis |
| chronic obsructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | progressive, irreversible, airway obstruction |
| chronic bronchitis | chronic inflammation of the bronchial tree |
| emphysema | reduced surface area of lungs caused by rupture or other damage to alveoli, barrel chest |
| chronic asthma | pecurring spasms of airways accompanied by edema and mucuos production |
| acute asthma | triggered by stress, allergens, bronchial spasm |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.