Chapter the chemistry of life
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Created by:
chantarawongsap on January 11, 2012
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Isomers | Molecules that share the same molecular formulas but have different structural formula |
| atom | basic unit of matter |
| Covalent bond | bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Ionic bond | formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| molecule | is the smallest unit of most compounds |
| carbohydrates | are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms |
| monosaccharides | single sugar molecule |
| polysaccharides | large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides |
| lipids | macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms;includes fats, oils and waxes |
| Nucleic acids | macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus |
| proteins | macromolecule that contains hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
| amino acids | compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
| chemical reaction | a process that changes,or transforms, one set of chemicals into another |
| activation energy | energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzymes | are proteins that act as a biological catalysts |
| monomers | small uni that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| polymers | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| cellulose | structural foundation in the cell wall of plants |
| polypeptide | three or more amino acids linked together from a protein |
| dehydration synthesis | the process of removing H2O from molecules so they will bond with each other to form a larger complex molecule. |
| pepsin | is found in acidic environments and functions to break down proteins into amino acids |
| gall bladder | is attached to the liver and produces bile |
| liver | extracts sugar from the blood released by the pancreas |
| acids | any compound that forms H+ ions in solution |
| base | compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution |
| solution | are evenly distributed throughout the solution |
| solvent | the substance in which the solute dissolves |
| solute | the substance that is dissolved |
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