5 Written Questions

1. December 1890, troopers were sent to stop the Ghost Dances among the Sioux tribe. They took the Sioux to Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota where 200 Natives killed.
2. First gold strikes in Sierra Nevada Mountains touching off a mining boom that helped shape the American West.
3. 2/3 of the Native Americans lived on Great Plains. The Plains Indians were warlike survivong on buffalo and horses. They were the best cavalry in the world and could take out soldiers with just a bow-and-arrow. The Indians would form bands which made it difficult for Government to control them. The tribes would have breif raids and they would divide labor tasks according to gender.
4. Technique that allowed farming in arid places of the west where there was little rainfall. Farmers would dig a foot or so deep and cover it with mulch to slow the evaporation.
5. Gave boost to irrigators because it would set aside most procedes of land sales to pay for irrigation projects.

5 Matching Questions

1. "As Long as Water Runs": Searching for an Indian Policy
2. Overland Trail
3. Gold From Roots Up: The Cattle Bonanza
4. The End of Tribal Life
5. Doscontent on the Farm

1. a Assimilationists wanted to eradicate tribal life into white culture. Congress adopted this polcy and began to break down the tribes. Congress passed Dawes Severality Act in 1887 giving Indians own Land. This divided tribal lands. The final blow to tribal life came from the virtual extinction of the Buffalo because of the Transcontinental RR. Natives were now living in poverty and loss their cultural distinctivness.
2. b weather, low prices, and rising railroad rates stirred up many farmers' anger, leading some to form political lobbies and others to adopt more scientific, commercial methods. The Grange and the Farmers' Alliance were organizations that worked for farmers' interests and met important social and economic needs.
3. c Before the civila war, the west was "1 big Reservation" called Indian Country. Passed Indian Intercourse Act in 1834 which prohibited Whites from entering the Country. 1851: Federal government stop "1 Big Reservation" and assigned boundries for settlement. Many Natives refused to stay on their land and went to settlers land. The Chivington and Fettermen Massacres sparked debate over the Native American policy. East were humanitarians wanting to civilize Natives. West wanted strict control over Natives. Peace Advisors won the policy.
4. d Route taken by thousands of travelers to the Pacific Coast.
5. e Between 1865 and 1885, large profits also were possible for the cattle ranchers who grazed their herds on the prairie grasses and used cowboys, many of whom were Black or Hispanic, to drive them to the railheads. By 1880 more than six million cattle had been driven to northern markets, but the establishment of ranches with barbed wire and the invention of new technologies like the refrigerated railroad car ended the possibility of and need for great drives. Barbed Wire killed many cattle becasue the cattle could not escape the -45 degree Winterof 1886-87.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Spanish Speaking population was small but their cultural influence was huge. They established the economic structure of the Southwest bringing new laws and legal frameworks for distribution of goods. In 1888, Las Gorras Blancas (White Caps) would cut intruder fences letting their stock loose. Much of the Spanish Culture influenced White culture as well.
   1. New Farming Methods
   2. Spanish Speaking Southwest
   3. Life of Plains Indians
   4. Ghost Dances
2. The Oklahoma land rush of 1889 symbolized the closing of the frontier and in many ways reflected the attitude of Anglo-Americans toward Native Americans and their land. Frederick Jackson Turner theorized that the fronteir and west influenced American Development. Bonanza's fueled economy and the West was Americas First Empire impacting American minds and imagination
   1. Placer Mining
   2. The Final Fling
   3. The Mining Bonanza
   4. Dry Farming
3. New areas in West under control of Congress and President were territorial officials had absolute power. The territories depended on government for survival until they were accepted to being a state. The west grew up under territorial view where citizens developed ideas about government, economy, and politics.
   1. Dry Farming
   2. The Mining Bonanza
   3. Territorial Government
   4. The Final Fling
4. Form of mining that did not need technology or skill which started mass migration because this started the gold rush.
   1. Placer Mining
   2. The Final Fling
   3. Dry Farming
   4. Ghost Dances
5. Huge Farms covering thousands of acres in the Great Plains. These farms that relied on big machinery represented a development in agriculture similar to that taking place in Industry.
   1. Exodusters
   2. Bonanza Farms
   3. Dry Farming
   4. Ghost Dances

5 True/False Questions

1. Timber Cultur Act in 1973 → $1.25 per acre, for 640 acres if they irrigated part of it within 3 years which invented fraud

   True        False

2. Exodusters → Group of 6,000 African Americans who left Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi seeking freer lives in Kansas, where they worked as farmers or labourers.

   True        False

3. National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry → Some Natives did not settle peacefully and started drifting into old grounds sparking wars. Lt. George Custer pushed up thinking he found a small band of Indians when it turned out he found the biggest Native American army and his whole battalion was killed which was known as "Custer's Last Stand". The Sioux war was last major Indian warfare in the West.

   True        False

4. Final Battles on the Plains → Some Natives did not settle peacefully and started drifting into old grounds sparking wars. Lt. George Custer pushed up thinking he found a small band of Indians when it turned out he found the biggest Native American army and his whole battalion was killed which was known as "Custer's Last Stand". The Sioux war was last major Indian warfare in the West.

   True        False

5. Men and Women on Overland Trail → Route taken by thousands of travelers to the Pacific Coast.

   True        False