Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis
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Created by:
hcps-nguyenj4 on January 11, 2012
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 photosynthesis | the chemical process of using light to make food for plants |
| photons | packets of energy that light comes in |
| chemical equation for photosynthesis | 6CO2 + 6H20 + LIGHT (PHOTONS) = C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| chloroplast | organelle of photosynthesis |
| waxy layer | prevents the leaf from drying out |
| epidermis | filled with chloroplast |
| vein | sugar and water travel through it |
| spongy layer | store gases when the stoma is closed |
| stoma | controls gases and fluids that enter and leave |
| guard cells | control what enters and leaves the stoma |
| outer membrane | separates the organelle from the cytoplasm |
| inner membrane | folded into many layers some of which fuse together to form thylakoids |
| thylakoid | disk shaped structue that is the site of photosynthesis |
| grana | a stack of thylakoids that resemble a stack of pancakes |
| stroma | gel like substance that surrounds the thylakoid |
| photosystem | a group of pigments working together to collect light |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, energy molecule of the cell |
| carbon fixation | converting carbon in a gas (CO2) to carbon in a solid (C6H12O6) |
| pigments | use light energy to partially break down their own chemical structure, they become energized |
| chlorophyll a | the most important pigment, all other pigments pass their energy to this at the start of light dependent reactions |
| photosystem ii | happens first |
| photosystem i | happens second |
| photolysis | splitting water with light |
| electron transport chain | the site of a series of oxidation (losing an electron) and reduction (gaining an electron) reactions on the thylakoid membrane |
| NADP | special hydrogen acceptor that picks up loose hydrogen molecules |
| light dependent reations | need sunlight, photosystem |
| ATP and NADPH | results of light dependent reactions |
| light independent reactions | doesn't need sunlight, calvin cycle |
| produces 1/2 molecule of glucose, uses 9 ATP for 1/2 molecule of glucose, uses 6 NADPH for 1/2 molecule of glucose | results of light independent reations |
| equation for cell respiration | C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2 +ATP |
| autotrophs (producers) | make their food through photosynthesis |
| heterotrophs (consumers) | ingest their food |
| glycolysis | glycogen is broken down into glucose and generates 4 ATP and 2 NADH molecules, occurs with or without the presence of oxygen and in the cytoplasm |
| krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) | occurs in matrix, CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced |
| electron transport chain | generates 32 ATP molecules |
| alcohol fermentation | used by yeast and occurs in the absence of oxygen, produces ethanol and CO2 |
| lactic acid fermentation | used by animals and occurs in the absence of oxygen, productes lactic acid and 2 ATP molecules |
| cellular respiration | process that breaks down glucose to release energy (ATP) for work |
| aerobic respiration | occurs in the presence of oxygen and in the matrix of the mitochondria |
| anaerobic repiration (fermentation) | occurs in the absence of oxygen |
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