Microbiology One Liners - Upper Respiratory Infections
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cause of runny nose, red throat, and nasal pus | Rhinoviruses |
| Rhinoviruses and enteroviruses belong to picornavirus family, but the rhinoviruses differ from enteroviruses on: | Growth at 22 degrees C/noninvasive |
| Rhinovirus receptor in the nasal passages and upper tracheobronchial tree is: | ICAM-1 |
| Rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, coronavirus, RSV, metapneumovirus, and adenovirus all cause: | Upper-respiratory infections (URIs) |
| Sinusitis, otitis, laryngitis, exacerbations of bronchitis and asthma are mostly secondary to: | Viral URIs |
| In HEENT, Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis all cause: | Acute otitis media (AOM) & Sinusitis |
| AOM and sinusitis are empirically treated with amoxicillin + clavulanate. Why use clavulanate? | Haemophilus and Moraxella are β-lactamase producers |
| Cause of pharyngeal pain, dysphagia, fever; red throat + purulent exudate that responds to penicillin: | Streptococcus pyogenes (aka: Group-A β-hemolytic Streptococcus = GABHS) |
| GABHS is differentiated from GBBHS by what? | Bacitracin sensitivity |
| Common mode of acquisition of URI due to Streptococcus pyogenes: | Infective droplets |
| Major virulence factor with anti-phagocytic function of Streptococcus pyogenes | M-protein fibrils |
| Damage in posterior pharynx and tonsils due to Streptococcus pyogenes is associated with what host response? | Pyogenic inflammation |
| DOC of acute bacterial pharyngitis in a pt w/ Pen allergy: | Erythromycin > Clindamycin |
| Pyogenic complication of streptococcal pharyngitis | Tonsillar abscess |
| Toxigenic complication of streptococcal pharyngitis: | Scarlet fever >> TSS (rare) |
| Immunologic complication of streptococcal pharyngitis: | Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) |
| Cause of fever, red throat + purulent exudate - pseudomembrane with lymphadenopathy, in a pt w/ questionable immunizations | Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
| Gram/special stain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae should reveal: | Gram(+) rods in palisade arrangements/metachromatic granules |
| Virulence genotype of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is acquired by | Transduction (phage mediated transfer of exotoxin gene) |
| Isolate on tellurite agar culture of throat swab for a cause of diphtheria is confirmed by | Immunodiffusion (ELEK) Assay for Toxin |
| Mechanism of action of exotoxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae | ADP ribosylation of EF-2 (inhibits protein synthesis) |
| Damage to pharynx and cardiac myosites due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae is mediated by: | Cytotoxicity of A-B toxin |
| Virologic Dx of URI symptoms, fever; red throat + purulent exudate; hepato-splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, in a teenager, is confirmed by: | Heterophile antibody (+) |
| Host cells preferentially infected by EBV are: | B cells |
| EBV is biologically similar to what class of viruses? | Herpes viruses |
| Host immune system controls the EBV infection, mediated by: | CD8+ T lymphocytes |
| Rash occurs following which antibiotic(s) to treat infectious mononucleosis? | Amoxicillin |
| Burkitt's lymphoma in some African population is a B-cell tumor due to oncogenesis by: | EBV |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a B-cell tumor that is common in the Oriental population that consumes preserved fish, is due to oncogenesis by: | EBV |
| Heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis syndrome is due to: | CMV |
| Gram-positive bacteria that cause acute otitis media (AOM) | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Gram-negative diplococci bacteria that cause AOM | Moraxellar catarrhalis |
| Gram-negative coccobacilli bacteria that cause AOM | Haemophilus influenzae |
| > 7 days of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea; purulent nasal drainage + frontal pain/tenderness is treated with: | Amoxicillin & Clavulanate |
| DOC for acute mastoiditis in a young child is amoxicillin & clavulanate; why? | Same etiology as AOM |
| Cause of "seal-like barking" cough + episodic aphonia w/ symptoms of URI in a child | Parainfluenza virus |
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