MUS 352 Baroque, Classical, Early Romantic Music History (Spring 2012)
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Baroque Music | -[date] -[instruments] lute -[composers] -[treatises] -[works] -[characteristics] focuses on a soloist accompanied by basso continuo |
| Lute | -[origin] the arabic al'oud -[construction] plucked string instrument of 5 to 6 courses [pairs] of gut strings. moveable gut frets. -[use] suitable for both amateurs and virtuosos |
| Claudio Monteverdi | -[dates] -[occupation] transitional composer late Renaissance, early Baroque, -[accomplishments] innovated (invented?) the use of basso continuo to augment the forces in his later madrigals |
| Basso Continuo | -is the distinguishing feature of the Baroque period -[uses] allowed for chords to be played along with notated bass lines, creating greater color and accompanimental support. In cases where there were not enough singers to perform a piece, it was typical to sing the top melody line, which was then accompanied using this technique. -[instruments] harpsichord, lute, and others -[led to] Baroque monody (focus on the soloist rather than ensemble polyphony) -[consists of] a notated bass line with symbols of some sort beneath each note (usually figures or alfabeto) |
| Figures | -numbers that appeared beneath the notes of a notated basso continuo bassline -[uses] indicated which notes were to be played above the bass note, thus forming a chord |
| Alfabeto | -[uses] was similar to the guitar tablature used today. used letters to define fingerings (and thus certain chords) on plucked instruments -[led to] it is believed that the use of this technique on Baroque guitar led to the creation of basso continuo |
| Renaissance Music vs. Baroque Music | --[musical focus] Renaissance: polyphony and independent part writing. Baroque: solo writing for one voice as opposed to many -[performance practice] Renaissance: everything to be performed is written out by the composer, and dance music is one of the few (if not the only) genres of music that included improvization. Baroque: use of improvisation both within the vocal solo and the instrumental accompanimental lines (basso continuo) -[music consists of] Renaissance: independently conceived parts which are interdependent upon one another Baroque: parts which are reliant upon one another and conceived as a unit -[musical thinking] Renaissance: horizontal in four part music. Baroque: chords (vertical) with horizontal lines above them |
| Adriana Basile | -[date] -[occupation] was a very famous vocalist and Baroque guitarist who used alfabeto as her accompaniment style -[accomplishments] was invited to sing in the home of Cardinal Monalto |
| Monody | -[development] supposedly invented by the Florentine Camerata (but not really Adriana Basile came first (or so we believe)). May have originated from Spain, because the King of Naples was also the King of Spain (??not seeing the connection??). started off as strophic music based on popular tunes, and because its melodies were well known, only the texts of pieces of this genre were written down (like a contemporary worship chart). began with solo vocal music and made its way to solo instrumental music. began with a melody and basso continuo accompaniment -[aim] this through this type of music, musicians endeavored to clearly declaim text -[influences] ancient Greek rhetoric -[characteristics] soloist with basso continuo accompaniment. in the vocal version, the rhythm of the melody imitates the way it would be spoken (very rhetorically). not overly ornamented as over ornamentation was believed to obscure the text. ornaments used were gruppo (trill) and "sprezzatura" (with noble elegance) |
| Florentine Camerata | -[date] 1577-82 -[occupation] a group of intellectuals from the upper classes who met and discussed ideas about art, intellectual ideals, humanistic ideas, the use of music in ancient Greek comedies and tragedies -[people] Count Giovanni Bardi -[views] felt that polyphony had become artificial (for example, five singers singing "I die!"). felt that polyphony made the text unclear and that solo singers were best for clear text declamation |
| Count Giovanni Bardi | -[accomplishments] held meetings of the Florentine Camerata in his house/castle. sponsored many early Baroque artists, including Giulio Caccini. organized the music for the Medici weddings |
| Giulio Caccini | -[date] 1580-90 -[occupation] composer, protégé of Count Giovanni Bardi -[works] Nuove Musiche -[style] composes melodic ideas on important words, keeping with rhetoric (that is unimportant words like articles and conjunctions) |
| Nuove Musiche | -[date] 1602 -[genre] -[author/composer] Giulio Caccini -[subject matter] in this book, Caccini claims that he invented a new type of music (monody) (a claim similar to claims made by other composers of his time). exhibits Caccini's understanding of monody |
| Baroque Guitar | -[characteristics] has a colorful alto register that is higher than the modern guitar's baritone/bass register. had a colorful ability to strum (whatever THAT means) -[construction] guitar with five courses (pairs) of strings -[tuning] E [la], B [mi], G [do] up to D [So] down to A [re], an octave higher than the modern guitar |
| Rhetoric | -the (ancient Greek) studied practice of being able to move the listener by speaking in a certain fashion, usually to persuade. |
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