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eminent (of a person) famous and respected within a particular sphere or profession :" one of the world's most eminent statisticians." • used to emphasize the presence of a positive quality : the guitar's eminent suitability for recording studio work. **(yuksek rutbe sahibi,seckin,muteber,saygin) **(guzid,mumtaz) provender dry food; fodder (hayvan yemi,yiyecek) levitate rise and hover in the air, esp. by means of supernatural or magical power :" he seems to levitate about three inches off the ground." (buyu yapmis gibi havada asili durmak) humus the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms (bitkilerin çürümesiyle oluşan koyu renkte organik toprak) promulgate promote or make widely known (an idea or cause) : these objectives have to be promulgated within the organization. • put (a law or decree) into effect by official proclamation : "in January 1852, the new constitution was promulgated" **(nesretmek,duyurmak,bildirmek ilan etmek) **(resmen ilan edip yururluge koymak) stentorian (of a person's voice) loud and powerful : he introduced me to the staff with a stentorian announcement. (gur gurleyen,guclu ses) errant *1* erring or straying from the proper course or standards : "he could never forgive his daughter's errant ways" *2* traveling in search of adventure : "that same lady errant" (dogru yoldan sapmis,hata,yanlis) (maceraperest,) peerless eminent beyond or above comparison EX. "matchless beauty"; "the team's nonpareil center fielder"; "she's one girl in a million"; "the one and only Muhammad Ali"; "a peerless scholar"; "infamy unmatched in the Western world"; **(essiz,emsalisiz,rakipsiz) intimate 1 closely acquainted; familiar, close : intimate friends | they are on intimate terms. • (of a place or setting) having or creating an informal friendly atmosphere : an intimate little Italian restaurant. • [ predic. ] used euphemistically to indicate that a couple is having a sexual relationship : he was sickened by the thought of others having been intimate with her. • involving very close connection : their intimate involvement with their community. 2 private and personal : going into intimate details of his sexual encounters | intimate correspondence. • used euphemistically to refer to a person's genitals : touching her in the most intimate places. 3 (of knowledge) detailed; thorough : an intimate knowledge of the software. noun a very close friend : his circle of intimates. ***** (ima etmek,dolayisile anlatmak) (n)**(icten,yurekten.samimi) heterodox characterized by departure from accepted beliefs or standards,unconventional (baska goruste olan,kabul edilmis goruse zit) ramshackle (esp. of a house or vehicle) in a state of severe disrepair : a ramshackle cottage. *rickety (harap,yikik dokuk) credo a statement of the beliefs or aims that guide someone's actions : "he announced his credo in his first editorial." *, any system of principles or beliefs (inanc iman) wry 1 using or expressing dry, esp. mocking, humor : a wry smile | wry comments. 2 (of a person's face or features) twisted into an expression of disgust, disappointment, or annoyance. ***(alayci igneleyci kucumseyici espiri,iztihza belirten) (egri yamuk,carpik) introspection the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes : quiet introspection can be extremely valuable *(ic gozlem kendi dusuncelerin ve duygularini inceleme) bleak (of an area of land) lacking vegetation and exposed to the elements : a bleak and barren moor. • (of a building or room) charmless and inhospitable; dreary : he looked around the bleak little room in despair.***(kasvetli) • (of the weather) cold and miserable : a bleak midwinter's day. ***(soguk) • (of a situation or future prospect) not hopeful or encouraging; unlikely to have a favorable outcome : he paints a bleak picture of a company that has lost its way.***(umutsuz,ic karartan) • (of a person or a person's expression) cold and forbidding : his bleak, near vacant eyes grew remote.(mesafeli,soguk) *frigid conducive making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible : the harsh lights and cameras were hardly conducive to a relaxed atmosphere. **(vesile olan,sebep olan,yardimci) bereft *deprived of or lacking something, esp. a nonmaterial asset : her room was stark and bereft of color. • (of a person) lonely and abandoned, esp. through someone's death or departure : his death in 1990 left her bereft. (mahrum kalmis,yoksun) vivacious vigorous and active *esp. of a woman) attractively lively and animated. (neseli sen hayatl dolu,sensakrak) retrograde directed or moving backward : a retrograde flow. • reverting to an earlier and inferior condition : to go back on the progress that has been made would be a retrograde step. • (of the order of something) reversed; inverse : the retrograde form of these inscriptions. *** degenerate , deteriorate (geri gitmek ters yone donmek) (gerilemek,kotulesmek,tedenni etmek,yozlasmak) garnish (v) decorate or embellish (something, esp. food) : salad garnished with an orange slice. (n) a decoration or embellishment for something, esp. food (donatmak,suslemek ozellikle yemek tabagini) (ziynet,sus,garnitur) dapper (typically of a man) neat and trim in dress, appearance, or bearing. (sik, ustu basi temiz,zarif) vituperative bitter and abusive : the criticism soon turned into a vituperative attack., (v) vituperate :berate,scold (kufurlu hakaret edici,agzi bozuk,kufurbaz) scathing witheringly scornful; severely critical : she launched a scathing attack on the governor. (sert kirici yaralayici) opportune (of a time or place etc) well-chosen or particularly favorable or appropriate : he couldn't have arrived at a less opportune moment (,uygun,munasip,elverisli,tam zamaninda ,yerinde) homage special honor or respect shown publicly : they paid homage to the local boy who became president | a masterly work written in homage to Beethoven (saygi durusu,biat,hurmet,biat) bias prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair : there was evidence of bias against foreign applicants | the bias toward younger people in recruitment | [in sing. ] a systematic bias in favor of the powerful. • [in sing. ] a concentration on or interest in one particular area or subject : he worked on a variety of Greek topics, with a discernible bias toward philosophy. (birseye karsi veya lehte olmak)(onyargili davranmak)(sapmak) *(onyargi,meyil,) potable safe to drink; drinkable : there is no supply of potable water available (icilir,icilebilir) lachrymose tearful or given to weeping : she was pink-eyed and lachrymose. • inducing tears; sad : a lachrymose children's classic. (sulu goz,gozu yasli,cabuk aglayan,gozyasartici) vicissitude a change of circumstances or fortune, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant : her husband's sharp vicissitudes of fortune. (degisim degisme, kor talih,hayatin cilvesi) expatiate speak or write at length or in detail : she expatiated on working-class novelists (uzunca yazmak,detaylica) husbandry 1 the care, cultivation, and breeding of crops and animals : crop husbandry. 2 management and conservation of resources (tarim ciftcilikle ugrasma) (idareli kulanma,tutumlu olma,idare) throttle (n) a device controlling the flow of fuel or power to an engine : the engines were at full throttle. (v) attack or kill (someone) by choking or strangling them : she was sorely tempted to throttle him | figurative the revolution has throttled the free exchange of information and opinion. (arabain gaz pedali,bogaz nefes norusu) (bogazini sikmak,bogmak,gazi kismak) portend *be a sign or warning that (something, esp. something momentous or calamitous) is likely to happen : the eclipses portend some major events. • be a signal of : the gridlock at the top of the leader board portends a sudden-death playoff. (felaket veya benzerin beseyin habercisi olmak,delalet ,isaret) unfaltering marked by firm determination or resolution EX. not shakable; "firm convictions"; "a firm mouth"; "steadfast resolve"; "a man of unbendable perseverence"; "unwavering loyalty" unhesitating; unwavering; steadfast (tereddutsuz,kararli,emin,saglam) limn depict or describe in painting or words. • suffuse or highlight (something) with a bright color or light : a crescent moon limned each shred with white gold. (resmetmek,cizmek,tanimlamak,tarif etmek) lurid very vivid in color, esp. so as to create an unpleasantly harsh or unnatural effect : lurid food colorings | a pair of lurid shorts. • (of a description) presented in vividly shocking or sensational terms, esp. giving explicit details of crimes or sexual matters : the more lurid details of the massacre were too frightening for the children. **(cok ucuk renkli,parlak)(olumsuz sekilde) **(korkunc,dehset verici,carpici) bewilder cause (someone) to become perplexed and confused : she seemed frightened and bewildered | his reaction had bewildered her | [as adj. ] ( bewildering) there is a bewildering array of desserts to choose from. **(sasirtmak,allak bullak etmek,kafasini karsitirmak) flounder struggle or stagger helplessly or clumsily in water or mud : he was floundering about in the shallow offshore waters. • figurative struggle mentally; show or feel great confusion : she floundered, not knowing quite what to say. • figurative be in serious difficulty : many firms are floundering. (zorlanmak,cebellesmek,bocalamak) acrimony bitterness or ill feeling : a quagmire of lawsuits, acrimony, and finger-pointing. (terslik,hircinlik,huysuzluk) impugn dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of (a statement or motive); call into question : the father does not impugn her capacity as a good mother. * attack as false or wrong (yalanlamak,tekzip etmek,yalanci cikarmak,karsi olmak) (kuskulanmak,suphelenmek) epiphany a revelation; sudden knowledge or insight (bi an tecelli etme,aciga cikma,vahiy) elusive difficult to find, catch, or achieve : success will become ever more elusive. • difficult to remember or recall : the elusive thought he had had moments before. (ele gecmez,kolay bulunmaz zor,anlatilmasi hatirlanmasi guc) despair he complete loss or absence of hope : driven to despair, he throws himself under a train | in despair, I hit the bottle. (umutsuzluga dusmek) dilapidate cause (something) to fall into disrepair or ruin. *(harap etmek,yikip dokmek) ebullient cheerful and full of energy : she sounded ebullient and happy. **archaic or poetic/literary (of liquid or matter) boiling or agitated as if boiling : misted and ebullient seas. (coskun,kaynayan,ici icine sigmayan) iota a tiny or scarcely detectable amount (cok kucuk herhangi birsey) parable a simple story that illustrates a moral or religious lesson (ahlaksal yada dinsel veren masal kissa) expostulation protest; remonstrance; reasoning with someone to correct or dissuade; V. expostulate (sitem etmek,uyarmak,elestirmek,protesto etmek) homily long and boring talk from sb on the correct way to behave, etc (vaaz,hitabe) apogee apogee |ˈapəjē| noun Astronomy the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is furthest from the earth. The opposite of perigee . • figurative the highest point in the development of something; the climax or culmination of something : the White House is considered the apogee of American achievement. **(en yuksek nokta doruk) dolt a stupid person (aptal,ahmak,salak) loathe find repugnant,feel intense dislike or disgust for : she loathed him on sight | *( loathing) the thought filled him with loathing **despise (tiksinmek,igrenmek) tribulation a cause of great trouble or suffering : the tribulations of being a megastar. • a state of great trouble or suffering : his time of tribulation was just beginning. (dert ,sikinti,sorun,keder) palpitate (of the heart) beat rapidly, strongly, or irregularly : it wakened him in the night with a palpitating heart. • shake; tremble : she was palpitating with terror. (kalbin hizli atmasi,vucudun titremesi) lewd crude and offensive in a sexual way : she began to gyrate to the music and sing a lewd song. *, obscene, lustful (ahlakdisi,iffetsiz,sehvet duskunu) devolve transfer or delegate (power) to a lower level, esp. from central government to local or regional administration : measures to devolve power to the provinces | [as adj. ] ( devolved) devolved and decentralized government. • [ intrans. ] ( devolve on/upon/to) (of duties or responsibility) pass to (a body or person at a lower level) : his duties devolved on a comrade. • [ intrans. ] ( devolve into) formal degenerate or be split into : the Empire devolved into separate warring states. (intikal etmek,devretmek,havale etmek,birakmak) somatic of or relating to the body, esp. as distinct from the mind. (vucut la ilgi ayada ait) incapacitate disable, debilitate, paralyze, cripple prevent from functioning in a normal way : he was incapacitated by a heart attack. (kisitlamak,yapamaz hale getirmek,ehlyetsiz kilmak) adjutant a military officer who acts as an administrative assistant to a senior officer. • a person's assistant or deputy. (yardimci) encumber restrict or burden (someone or something) in such a way that free action or movement is difficult : she was encumbered by her heavy skirts | they had arrived encumbered with families. **hinder (yuk olmak,engellemek,kostek olmak,ayak bagi olmak) (yuk engel mani) (sorumluluk yada zorlunluluk altinda birakmak) captious of a person) tending to find fault or raise petty objections. *EX. "a captious pedant"; "an excessively demanding and faultfinding tutor" (tenkitci,kusur arayan,elestirici) cog tooth on the rim of gear wheel (carkdisi) nettle 1*irritate or annoy (someone) : I was nettled by Alene's tone of superiority. 2*archaic beat or sting (someone) with nettles. (kizdirmak,sinirlendirmek) (isirgan gibi batmak) (isirgan otu) oscillate move or swing back and forth at a regular speed : a pendulum oscillates about its lowest point. • [with adverbial ] figurative waver between extremes of opinion, action, or quality : he was oscillating between fear and bravery. (dalgalanmak,calkalanmak,sallanmak) (tereddut etmek bocalamak,duraksamak) turgid 1 move or swing back and forth at a regular speed : a pendulum oscillates about its lowest point. • [with adverbial ] figurative waver between extremes of opinion, action, or quality : he was oscillating between fear and bravery. (sis,sismis) (abartili,cafcafli) interminable endless (often used hyperbolically) : we got bogged down in interminable discussions (sonu gelmez,bitmek bilmez) substantiate to verify, confirm,provide evidence to support or prove the truth of : they had found nothing to substantiate the allegations. *(kanitlamak,dogrulamak) smirk smile in an irritatingly smug, conceited, or silly way : Dr. Ali smirked in triumph. See note at smile . (n) a smug, conceited, or silly smile : Gloria pursed her mouth in a self-satisfied smirk **(zorla yapmacik gulumseme) traverse (n)an act of traversing something. • a sideways movement, or a series of such movements, across a rock face from one line of ascent or descent to another. • a place where a movement of this type is necessary : a narrow traverse made lethal by snow and ice. • a movement following a diagonal course made by a skier descending a slope. • a zigzag course followed by a ship because winds or currents prevent it from sailing directly toward its destination. (v) travel across or through : he traversed the forest. • extend across or through : a moving catwalk that traversed a vast cavernous space. • [ intrans. ] cross a hill or mountain by means of a series of sideways movements : I often use this route, eventually traversing around the cliff. • ski diagonally across (a slope), with only a slight descent. • figurative consider or discuss the whole extent of (a subject) : he would traverse a number of subjects and disciplines. 2 [ trans. ] move (something) back and forth or sideways : a probe is traversed along the tunnel. (karşıdan karşıya geçirmek, her iki yöne hareket ettirmek, çaprazlama geçmek, zikzak çizerek gitmek, mil etrafında döndürmek, bir uçtan diğerine çizmek,kestirme mesafe, dikkatle incelemek,) potent having great power, influence, or effect : thrones were potent symbols of authority | a potent drug | a potent argument. (guclu,kuvettli,iktidar sahibi) boon adjective (of a companion or friend) close; intimate; favorite : he debated the question with a few boon companions in the barroom. noun 1 [usu. in sing. ] a thing that is helpful or beneficial : the navigation system will be a boon to both civilian and military users. 2 archaic a favor or request : may I have the inestimable boon of a few minutes' conversation? **(avantaj,nimet,lutuf) comeuppance a punishment or fate that someone deserves : he got his comeuppance. (hakedilen ceza) potion a liquid with healing, magical, or poisonous properties : a love potion. (ilac dozu) (iksir) fleece noun 1 the woolly covering of a sheep or goat : as the sheep came on board, we grabbed their long shaggy fleeces | he clutched the ram by two handfuls of thick fleece. • the amount of wool shorn from a sheep in a single piece at one time. 2 a thing resembling a sheep's woolly covering, in particular • a soft warm fabric with a texture similar to sheep's wool, used as a lining material. • a jacket or other garment made from such a fabric. • Heraldry a representation of a fleece suspended from a ring. verb [ trans. ] 1 informal obtain a great deal of money from (someone), typically by overcharging or swindling them : money that authorities say he fleeced from well-to-do acquaintances. 2 figurative cover as if with a fleece : the sky was half blue, half fleeced with white clouds. (koyun postu,yun,yun gibi) (kaziklamak,soyup sogana cevirmek) rancid of foods containing fat or oil) smelling or tasting unpleasant as a result of being old and stale. (yemekle ilgili,eksimis,kokmus,bozulmus) pragmatist a person who takes a practical approach to problems and is concerned primarily with the success or failure of her actions (teorik goruslerden cok pratik degerle onem veren) perpetrate carry out or commit (a harmful, illegal, or immoral action) : a crime has been perpetrated against a sovereign state. (islemek,yapmak(kotu bisey,suc)) ravage verb [ trans. ] cause severe and extensive damage to : fears that a war could ravage their country. noun ( ravages) the severely damaging or destructive effects of something : his face had withstood the ravages of time. • acts of destruction : the ravages committed by man. plunder,devastate (yikmak,harap etmek,) (tahribat,birseyin yikici etkisi) malapropism the unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar " as in, for example, "dance a flamingo " (instead of flamenco)." (dil surcmesi) mendacious not telling the truth; lying : mendacious propaganda. (yalan,uydurma,yalanci.atmasyon) industrious diligent and hard-working (caliska,gayretli,hamarat) ablution the act of washing oneself (often used for humorously formal effect) : the women performed their ablutions. • a ceremonial act of washing parts of the body or sacred containers. (abdest) tranquility a state of peace and quiet,free from disturbance; calm : her tranquil gaze | the sea was tranquil. (sesszi,sakin,sukunet,huzur,) roster a list or plan showing turns of duty or leave for individuals or groups in an organization : next week's duty roster. • a list of members of a team or organization, in particular of athletes available for team selection. verb [ trans. ] (usu. be rostered) chiefly Brit. assign according to a duty roster : the locomotive is rostered for service on Sunday. *list of names (isim yada gorev listesi,nobet listesi) kleptomaniac a recurrent urge to steal, typically without regard for need or profit. (hirsizlik hastasi) slew noun informal a large number or quantity of something : he asked me a slew of questions. verb 1 [ intrans. ] (of a vehicle or person) turn or slide violently or uncontrollably in a particular direction : the Chevy slewed from side to side in the snow. • [ trans. ] turn or slide (something, esp. a vehicle) in such a way : he managed to slew the aircraft around before it settled on the runway. (cok fazla miktar,yigin) (cevirmek,dondurmek,kaydirmak) finesse subtly skillful handling of a situation (incelik,ustalik,kurnazlik) skittish lively and unpredictable; playful : my skittish and immature mother. • (esp. of a horse) nervous; inclined to shy. (oynak,canli,hareketli,civelek) (korkak,urkek,gergin,) capacious spacious,having a lot of space inside; roomy : she rummaged in her capacious handbag (genis,ferah,buyuk) witless foolish; stupid : a witless retort. • [as complement ] to such an extent that one cannot think clearly or rationally : I was scared witless. (akilsiz,kafasiz,dusuncesiz) amity a cordial disposition a friendly relationship : international amity and goodwill. (ahbaplik,dostluk,iyi iliski) eon (aeon) an indefinite and very long period of time, often a period exaggerated for humorous or rhetorical effect : he reached the crag eons before I arrived | his eyes searched her face for what seemed like eons (cok uzun zaman sonsuzluk, ebediyet) harping talk or write persistently and tediously on a particular topic : guys who are constantly harping on about the war *tiresome,dwelling on a subject (aynı konuyu ele almak,tekrarlamak,baymak) armada a fleet of warships : an armada of destroyers, minesweepers, and gunboats. (donanma,filo,) orthodox conventional, adhering to what is commonly accepted (of a person or their views, esp. religious or political ones, or other beliefs or practices) conforming to what is generally or traditionally accepted as right or true; established and approved : the orthodox economics of today | orthodox medical treatment | orthodox Hindus. • (of a person) not independent-minded; conventional and unoriginal : a relatively orthodox artist. 2 (of a thing) of the ordinary or usual type; normal : they avoided orthodox jazz venues. (herkesin kabul gordugne uygun,geleneksel,alisilmis) suffuse gradually spread through or over : her cheeks were suffused with color | the first half of the poem is suffused with idealism. (renk vermek,kaplamak,etrafa yayilmak) celerity speed; rapidity,swiftness of movement. (hiz,surat,cabukluk) odoriferous having a natural fragrance,smell *having or giving off a smell, esp. an or distinctive one : spicily concocted with odoriferous herbs | an odoriferous pile of fish remains. (koku yayan)(koku) desolate (of a place) deserted of people and in a state of bleak and dismal emptiness : a desolate moor. • feeling or showing misery, unhappiness, or loneliness ,forlorn: I suddenly felt desolate and bereft. verb |ˈdesəˌlāt| [ trans. ] make (a place) bleakly and depressingly empty or bare : the droughts that desolated the dry plains. • (usu. be desolated) make (someone) feel utterly wretched and unhappy : he was desolated by the deaths of his treasured friends. *devastate,ravage (issiz,tenha,bos,metruk,harap) (perisan yalniz kimsesiz) (bos birakmak,harap etmek,) (terketmek,kimseszi birakmak) limber adjective (of a person or body part) lithe; supple. flexible ,pliable • (of a thing) flexible : limber graphite fishing rods. verb [ intrans. ] warm up in preparation for exercise or activity, esp. sports : the acrobats were limbering up for the big show. • [ trans. ] make (oneself or a body part) supple : I limbered my fingers by playing a few scales. (kivrak esnek) (isinma hareketleri yapmak) multifarious many and of various types : multifarious activities. • having many varied parts or aspects : a vast multifarious organization. (cok cesitlu turlu turlu,muhtelif) apiary a place where bees are kept; a collection of beehives (ari kovani,ari yetistirilen yer) incendiary (of a device or attack) designed to cause fires : incendiary grenades. • tending to stir up conflict : incendiary rhetoric | an incendiary slogan. • very exciting : an incendiary live performer. (yakici,kundakci,yangin cikaran) (fesatci,kiskirtici,tahrik eden) suborn bribe or otherwise induce (someone) to commit an unlawful act such as perjury : he was accused of conspiring to suborn witnesses. (aklini celmek,ayartmak) (rusvetle kandirmak,yalan ifade yada beyan ettirmek) reciprocal 1 given, felt, or done in return : she was hoping for some reciprocal comment or gesture. 2 (of an agreement or obligation) bearing on or binding each of two parties equally : the treaty is a bilateral commitment with reciprocal rights and duties. (karsilikli,iki tarafli,mutekabil) minute infinitely or immeasurably small,short *(of an inquiry or investigation, or an account of one) taking the smallest points into consideration; precise and meticulous : a minute examination of the islands (cok az kucuk onemsiz,kisa suren) (tutanak zabit)