| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Bay of Pigs | Plan from the CIA to invade cuba and cause an uprising that would oust Fidel Castro. Failed. John F. Kennedy was President during this time. |
| LBJ | was the last true New Dealer. His agenda – unity and social progress through a liberal consensus. When he was sworn into office on Air Force I, he lands in D.C. and told the people he would do his best. He got more social legislation passed in his presidency than any other president. |
| Barry Goldwater | Ran against LBJ. Was a very conservative candidate. Also close friends with LBJ. Was portrayed by LBJ as a right wing mongrel. |
| Civil Rights act of 1964 | Passed by LBJ. was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed racial segregation in schools, public places, and employment. |
| Great Society | would be like a second New Deal, but even better than the New Deal. Medicare, federal aid to education, federal housing and subsidies. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the United States. |
| Immiseration | if you don't do anything, things will continue to get worse. |
| Vista | domestic peace crop that helped the poor and homeless. Focused on domestic problems. |
| Office of Economic Opportunity | attempt to stimulate the poor, backfired by radicalizing activists. The Fed. ended up paying radicals to attack govt. institutions OEO was underfunded and could not provide what LBJ had promised. |
| Television in the Red Menace | J. Fred McDonald wrote it. Used the high viewership of Americans to influence the culture. |
| J. Fred McDonald | Behind the Television in the Red Menace |
| Counterinsurgency | combat against insurgency by forces aligned with recognized government of the territory in which the armed conflict takes place |
| Vietcong | Vietnam Communist. Soviet Union People |
| Strategic Hamlets | plan to combat insurgency by means of popular transfer, but didn't work. It was a target for the vietcong to attack. |
| Agrovilles | peasants in rural communities place into larger communities. |
| Domino Theory | If Nation A falls, Nation B falls, Then Nation C falls etc. |
| Paul Wenerke | developed NSC-68(containment and domino theory) |
| Viet Minh | declared themselves Communists. Vietnam Independence League. |
| Ho Chi Minh | Communist leader of North Vietnam-known as a nationalist first and a communist 2nd. |
| Geneva Conference | 1954-after batter of dienbienphu. the french went to Geneva to settle where the DMZ in vietnam would be. |
| Dienbienphu | batter between the french and the north vietnamese-divided vietnam at the 17th parallel. |
| Pierre de Fronce | socialist who agreed to leave Indo-China after the battle of Dienbienphu |
| John Foster Dulles | Sect. of State-very anti-communist. |
| SEATO | South East Asia Treaty Organization developed in 1954-Collective security arrangement in South East asia. Like NATO |
| Ngo Dinh Diem | Catholic Premier of South Vietnam. Part of the American organization "Friends of Vietnam"-included cardinal spellman and the kennedys. Refused to honor the communists by calling them Viet Minh, he calls them the Viet Cong-not a term of endearment. |
| MAAG | Military Advisory and Assistance group. 1955. Vietnam |
| Vietnam Independence League | Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. were made up of communists and non communists. Wanted to create a coalition of the viet minh |
| Green Berets | Army Special forces-sent to vietnam, trained the south vietnamese to become like the US army |
| 5 O'Clock Fallings | journalists are given the information on the day's war. They become increasingly hostile towards the war and in 1963 they turned completely against it. |
| Buddhist uprisings | Mass uprising against the buddhists |
| Buddhist Barbeque | Buddhist priest Thich Quang Duc-pulled out of a taxi, doused in Gasoline and lit on fire. Madam Nu referred to this as the Buddhist Barbeque. |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Became Vietnamese ambassador in 1963. Generals and himself had a meeting and decided to turn vietnam back to the vietnamese generals. They ended up killing Dinh Diem. |
| Great Society and war on poverty were ruined by what? | Vietnam War |
| The National Liberation Front | wanted to take over vietnam in 1964, but the American forces stopped them. NLF believed in the domino theory as well. They were known as the vietcong-they were communist. |
| USS Maddox | Radar Picket Destroyer-Attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin-led to the Tonkin Resolution |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Granted LBJ war powers in asia because of the attack of the USS Madox |
| Operation Rolling Thunder | ordered airstrikes and navy strikes on PT bases. Was seen as fighting acts of communist aggression |
| John Hopkins Speech | LBJ offered to help the vietnamese rebuild SEA. Most important speech to america but never mentioned moving tropps to the ground.The US ended up taking over for the vietnamese who were losing to the communists |
| Maneuvering battalions | For every man who is an infantry movement |
| Two Wars in Vietnam | Straight Military War-army and marin corp out looking for NVA and 2. Civilian War-taking out insurgents. |
| Viet Cong | Not soldiers in the conventional sense, politicos and more like insurgents. They were given POW status anyway |
| Blood Lust | When one loves to kill becuase it makes them satisfied. They become irrational and kill anything out there, if they didn't kill something, they would become even more dangerous. |
| The Front Line Troops | Had no good feelings for vietnamese because they only saw them as the enemy. |
| Mylai | situation where american units went into this area and lost several men to booy traps and snipers in an insurgency war. Called it Region Pinkville-because they would be shot in the head if they entered this land. |
| Region Pinkville | very dangerous area in vietnam. was infested with snipers, almost guaranteed a shot in the head. Pink mist. |
| Seymore Hirsch | researched Mylai and Region Pinkville |
| Hawks | supported LBJ in the vietnamese war effort |
| Doves | wanted to pull out of vietnam |
| Thomas Hayden | Started Students for a Democratic Society-new Left |
| Students for a Democratic Society | Similar to a white version of SCLC |
| bobby Kennedy | encouraged SNCC, ran for president |
| Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committe | Called for racial redistribution of Wealth |
| Watts | Black section of LA-goes up in flames-34 dead. Huge disturbance for LBJ |
| Elijah Muhammed | Created the Nation of Islam in America with members who were criminals. Believed in total separation of races. Started murdering and eating their own children and murdered Malcom X, when he said that white folks were not as bad as he had thought. |
| Port Huron Declaration | created the manifesto of the SDS(students for a democratic society). Didn't believe in communism but communalism(sharing and harmony). Relied heavily on music. |
| Conscription | Draft. 9% favored a draft. From 1965-1973 1 million+ joined the army on the basis of conscription. By 1970, 39% were drafted and only 22% were signed up. |
| Draftees | Only served 2 years |
| Alvin York | Most famous Draftee-took over after commander died and took out a machine gun nest and killed 25 germans. |
| Betty Friedan | A feminine Mystigue-claimed women were in a concentration camp and preventeed from knowing who women were. |
| Title 7 | ban on employment due to gender or race |
| NOW | National Organization for Women-argued for women's rights. |
| Minorites | seeking advances that working immigrant classes had fought for over a century. Many thought that the activities of SNCC and the SCLC were a direct threat to their well being. |
| Silent Majority | Coined by Richard Nixon-referred to the silent conservatives in the country that were not causing problems. Helped him gain support greatly. |
| Gene McCarthy | Clean Gene-devout Catholic who opposed LBJ. Ran in the Democratic Primary against RFK |
| Tet Offensive | Clear military victory for the US and a liberation from the Viet Cong |
| Robert McNamara | forced out of office and went to work for the world bank. |
| Clark Clifford | Took over as Secretary of State after McNamara left |
| Robert Kennedy | Resigns as AG-went from being a conservative dem to being a new dealer. Spokesman for the underclass of the Great Society. |
| Wise Men | group of the most prominent men in the country and had nothing to do with political parties. LBJs advisory panel. |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | Assasinated in 1968. Wanted social justice and economic equality. Opposed the vietnam war. Also advocated radical redistribution of wealth. |
| Poor People's Campaign | strike by a union in Memphis Tennessee |
| California Primary-1968 | RFK won 46-41% over mccarthy. He was shot dead right after his speech |
| Chicago Convention | 1968-YIPPIES-Youth international Party went to demonstrate. Made the convention an utter **** show. |
| Richard Daly | Mayor of Chicago-turned it into an armed camp at the chicago convention |
| Dixie Crats | Became republicans in 1968 and voted with Nixon. Nixon consulted with Strom Thurmon, Jesse Helms and Richard Russel. Nixon sold them on the idea of patriotism and smaller government. |
| George Wallace | Ran against Nixon and was a threat. Appealed to the working white class in the South. Was a segregationist and eventually shot. |
| Cambodia | Military illegally bombed, caused scandal in the Nixon Administration |
| Catholics | Were switching to being republicans over issues like abortion |
| Sunbelt | becoming republicans, left over the populist policies of the Democratic Party |
| Nixon's Plan to End Vietnam | Get in bed with The communists. Nixon wanted to end the War on US terms, not the Vietnamese terms |
| Madman Theory | Tries to make himself appear to be crazy and threatens the a-bomb on vietnam |
| Vietnamization | turning over all of our gear to the south vietnamese. counter terror |
| Phoenix Program | counter terrorism program intended to destroy the communist party of south vietnam |
| Henry Kissinger | German jew, escaped the nazis, opposite of nixon. Wanted power, loved secrecy. Established "Kiss and Make Up" also into Realpolitik |
| Realpolitik | politics of reality, how something is, not how it ought to be. Dislike nixon personally, but served as secretary of state. |
| Laos | soundly defeated in 1970 by vietnam |
| Paris Peace Accords | agreement terms between the SV and NV. SV didn't approve and the NV walked out. |
| Linebacker II | WWII type bombing that occurred for a week. Also known as the Christmas Bombings |
| Christmas Bombings | Nixon ordered these WWII type bombings in Vietnam |
| Kent State Massacre | The Kent State shootings, also known as the May 4 massacre or Kent State massacre,[2][3][4] occurred at Kent State University in the city of Kent, Ohio, and involved the shooting of students by members of the Ohio National Guard on Monday, May 4, 1970. Four students were killed and nine others were wounded, one of whom suffered permanent paralysis.[5] |
| Intel Probe Operation | FBI goes after anarchy groups, the Black Panthers and set them up with confronations with the police |
| Pentagon Papers | long complicated documents that serve as memos between members. top-secret United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political-military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. NY times published them. |
| Nixon v. NYT | intended to prevent the NYT from publishing information related to national security. Made nixon extremely angry with the press. |
| Daniel Ellsberg | worked for Research and Development corporation and CREEP(committee to reelect the president |
| George McGovern | ran as a democrat against Nixon. |
| CREEP | led to the downfall of nixon. Committee to ReElect the President. Broke into the DNC headquarters at the Watergate building and bugged it. |
| James W. McCord Jr. | security coordinator for CREEP. Mainly responsible for the Watergate scandal. |
| White house plumbers | were the ones that broke into watergate |
| John Mitchell | ran the operation for creep |
| John Dean | Nixons legal counsel that told the senate everything including the plan |
| G. Gordon Liddy | Was the only plumber that did not squeal. |
| Timothy Leary | Turn On, tune in, drop out. Advocated LSD and other psychadelics |
| Judge Sirca | accussed whitehouse members of perjury. |
| The Senate Hearings | Went on all summer over the nixon tapes |
| Alexander Butterfield | announced that nixon had tapes in the oval office of his conversations |
| Saturday Night Massacre | Tons of people got fired. Nixon fired anyone who would not go along with him. |
| Sam Ervin | wanted the tapes and the orders |
| Archibald Cox | special prosecutor |
| Executive Privilege | Nixon failed at claiming this |
| Elliot Richardson | ordered to fire Archibald Cox, doesn't and is fired. |
| William Ruckelhaus | Richardson's replacement, suffers the same fate. |
| Robert Bork | Ruckelhaus's replacement, fires cox. |
| Resignation | Nixon resigns and Ford takes over, |
| Ford | Lame duck, first action he takes is to pardon Nixon |
| Gas Shortages | Gas started out at 30 cents and rose to $1 by 1980. Gas stations were rationing gas and there were very long lines. |
| Age of Liberation | Caused a sense of loss in 1974 because of cultural revolutions in the 1960s |
| Jimmy Carter | Worst president. Stagnation |
| Stagnation | lower unemployment and higher inactivity. Combination of stagnant and inflation |
| Roe v. Wade | legalized abortion |
| Aid to Families with Dependent Children | Money that was paid to single or divorced mothers if there was no males in the house, paid by the kid. |
| Welfare | became a way of life |
| Endangered Species Act | problem because animals were going to go out of existence anyway. |
| Environmental Protection agency | Formed under LBJ, to enforce environmental standards. |
| 3 Mile Island- | Near Harrisburg, PA. Cooling system mixed with a reactor. The reactor was shut down, but radioactive material went in the area. |
| Chernobyl | 1986-blew up and killed a lot of people. Alpha radiation killed a lot of people. |
| Global Warming | Redistribution of warmth in the atmosphere due to manmade emissions |
| Outsourcing | Shipping factories over seas and taking jobs away from americans. Because it is cheaper. |
| Myth of Success | hard work comes with material success, upward mobility is starting to crumble. Optimism turns to pessimism. |
| Jimmy Carter | Ran against Ford in 1976. Accused the U.S. of losing faith in America and our institutions. Iran Hostage problem really cost him the presidency. |
| Camp David Accords | Jimmy Carter brought Anwar Sudat and Menachem together. Begin to make an accord of peace between israel and egypt. Sudat was murdered after he made this agreement by the Muslim Brotherhood |
| Vatican II | called by Pope JPII, the 23rd ecumenical council in Church History. There were 216 electors. Members of the council debated issues and differences of opinion. |
| Cardinal Octavianni | Led the Traditionalists in Vatican II |
| The Great Awakening | Jerry Falwell(moral majority) chrisian broadcasting company, 700 club, religious radio, and Pat Robertson. They are basing this on extreme anti-communism |
| The New Right | Develped its own major think tanks: 1) The Heritage Foundation and 2.)American Enterprise Institute |
| Heritage Foundation | Part of the New RIght establishment |
| Enterprise Institute | Not sure |
| Iran Hostage Crisis | brought down the carter admin. So called students took the US embassy over and kept people for 444 days in Tehran, Iran. The hostages were finally released. |
| Hood v. Casey | 1992, provided rules which abortion providers must provide of a persons age. |
| Partial Birth Abortion | Ohio banned this, Clinton vetoes the national partial birth abortion ban |
| Regans Hero | FDR |
| Reagans Objective | to dismantle the new deal and great society as much as possible |
| Reagan Years | Vision was simple, uncluttered and pure. Job was to rescue American Confidence after the iran hostage crisis in 1979. Denounced the environmentalists, welfare recipients were lazy, USSR evil empire |
| Evil Empire | Reagan's endearing term for the USSR |
| Supply-Side economics | belief that supply creates its own demand. Cutting taxes stimulates the economy. Lowering prices stimulates the economy. Compare with Keynesian Economics |
| David Stockman | Led the fight for supply side economics. Wanted to ensure individuals outside the government could maximize abilities and aspirations. |
| Korean Airliner Crash | Russians were at the radar and were drunk. Transponder in the air traffic controller room, ifff was not on them and caused the crash. The russian pilots were also drunk. |
| Beirut | Reagan ordered US troops but wouldn't allow them to load their guns. Hezbollah drove a truck full of C4 and rammed it into marines killing 274. |
| Grenada | Reagan ordered an invasion to eliminate the cuban influence in Columbia. |
| Conservative Egalitarianism | How reagan responded to accusations of transferring wealth from the poor to the rich. |
| Oliver North | Fell on the sword during the iran contra situation |
| Iran-contra affair | US was selling arms to Iran to get back our hostages, and from the profits they were using it to fund rebels to fight off the sandinistas in nicaragua. |
| Strategic War Initiative | Also known as "star wars". Reagan told gorbachev that the US had satellites that could destroy any missiles fired at the US and this freaked Gorbachev out. Leads to the end of the USSR. |
| Two Big names of the race world | OJ simpson and Rodney King |
| Rodney King | beaten by police officers on camera. Caused many riots. |
| OJ Simpson | Accused of the murder of Nicole Brown-his ex wife |
| Newt Gingrich | Speaker of the house after the 1994 midterm elections-leads the fight against clinton-contract with America |
| Contract with AMerica | Set out to enact term limits, reform welfare, lower taxes, lower spending, etc. Helped the republicans win the house and gain seats in the senate |
| H.W. Bush | Served VP under Reagan and then President. Was nerdy, couldn't tell jokes. Boring. Lost to clinton in 1992. Oversaw the end of the cold war. Called for a new world order. |
| BUSH v. DUKAKIS | Bush killed dukakis, with pictures of him in the tank looking goofy as well as the Willy Horton Affair |
| Willy Horton Affair | furlough program in mass, under which dukakis served as governor, allowed willy horton to continue a murder spree. Widely discredited Dukakis. |
| Berlin Wall | Came down in 1989. |
| Boris Yeltzin | his policy was to convert the USSR to being an ally rather an enemy. |
| Operation Desert Shield | Iraq invades Kuwait and we send US troops and build up a coalition to take saddam hussein out and restore kuwait back to power. |
| Desert Storm | The actual operations to take iraq out of kuwait. Government made a lot of money out of this. |
| Clinton V. Dole | 1996 election. Dole seen as old and impotent. didn't ahve much of a vision. Clinton won |
| Clinton's Second Term | Disaster in every aspect, |
| 1995 Budget Crisis | The house refused to pass a budget in 1995 |
| Tariq Aziz | Foreign Minister of Iraq-now captured as a terrorist. |
| Monica Lewinsky scandal | threatened clinton with impeachment due to perjury. |
| Section 8 | Banned Gays from the Military. Started Don't ask don't tell after clinton did away with it. |
| Don't Ask Don't Tell | Policy that replaced section 8. in regard to homosexuals. |
| Hillarycare | National Health Care plan proposed by the Clintons |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement |
| Brady Bill | restricted the sale of guns and assault rifles. |
| Middle East Accords | Brought the Palestinians and Israelis together for a short time. |
| Patrick Buchanan/Pat Robertson | Catholic/Christian=attacked BUSH I. Hurt Bush in the important Chrisitan coalition |
| Buchanan | Ran against Bush and helped defeat him. |
| Steel | one of the last industries to disappear from the US. |
| Tokyo War Crimes Trials | Tried the A criminals in regard to the japanese war atrocities committed. |
| Bertand Death March | captured phillipines, with limited food and water and forced them to march. If they did not follow orders, they would be beaten or shot. |
| Prime Minister Toshio | Orders the execution of prisoners in Japan. |
| Douglas MacArthur | created the Tokyo Charter to prosecute war criminals. |
| President Webb | Served on the tribunal and announced the verdict |
| B Criminals | those who directed and ordered the atrocities |
| C Criminals | those who carried out the atrocities |
| Mudslinging | Negative Campaigning |
| Tony Schwartz | Put together LBJ's negative campaign ads. The first of their kind. Flower Girl |
| Rachel Jackson | Wife of Andrew Jackson, labeled adulterous and bigamous. |
| Race Baiting | George Wallace v. Albert Brewer-brewer is sissy britches |
| Lee Atwater | helped GHWB with negative ads. Willy Horton Ad. |
| Robert Oppenheimer | Father of the Atomic Bomb |
| American School of Theoretical Physics | Founded by Robert Oppenheimer. |
| Chevalier Incident | Oppenheimer reported that someone had been soliciting nuclear secrets to the soviets |
| Trinity Test | First Nuclear Bomb test |
| Ivy Mike Test | Test of the Hydrogen Bomb-more powerful than the bombs dropped on hiroshima |
| Edward Teller | Involved in the Chevalier incident. Said that he didn't think that oppenheimer was involved with the Russians, but that he exercised bad judgement |
| General Groves | testified against Oppenheimer with the chevalier incident |
| Marguerite Higgins | first female to recieve pulitzer prize for her correspondence. Covered nuremburg trials, korean war and the vietnam war |
| General Walton Walter | Turned Maggie Higgins away in Korea |
| Douglas MacArthur | allowed Maggie Higgins to report. |
| War on Korea | Maggie Higgins book about the Korean War |
| War | extension of politics/politics of last resort |
| Unconventional warfare | destruction or weakening of enemy's will to fight |
| conventional warfare | destruction or weakening of enemys ability to fight |
| Tactical Level | concerned with success of mission-safety of soldiers |
| Strategic Level | assign the missions and instate universal policies-concerned with success of war/theater/campaign |
| Doctrinal/Political Level | doctrine is a statement of the role of the military; economic restrictions, culture, priorities and threats determine the doctrine of a military. |
| Nuremburg Trials | The men left behind after WWII |
| International Military Tribunal | were concerned with trying those in conspiracies. There was a judge and attorney general from each country involved. |
| Hans Frank | Butcher of Poland-converted to catholicism in his cell |
| Franz Von Papen | ambassador to turkey, but was loyal to the nazi party |
| Rorschach Method | ink blots, each card had uniform shape, color and size, symmetrical-subject responses |
| Hermann Goring | successful pilot during WWI, suppossed to be success to Hitler, tried to assasinate him |
| Harry Truman | 33rd president |
| Mandel Davis | Ran against Harry Truman and was defeated |
| Truman Committee | went after military scandals and ended up saving 50 million in tax payer money-the buck stops here |
| ExCom | Organized by JFK during the cuban missile crisis. |
| Fomin-Scali Affair | former told the latter that the crisis would be solved by havin the ussr remove the missile under UN inspection AND having the US promise to never invade cuba again |
| Dorothy Day | wrote a newspaper called The Call-radical socialist newspaper. Lived a "bohemian" lifestyle |
| Peter Martin | Dorothy Day's significant other-catholic philosopher, helped Dorothy start the Catholic Worker Movement |
| Cardinal Spellman | Politely disagreed with Dorothy Day |
| Recognition of the State of Israel | May 14, 1948 |
| Operation Big Switch | remaining communist POWs of Korean War returned to China |
| Beat Mixes | Considered Dirty and lazy |
| Beatnik | derogatory term used after sputnik to show it was against American culture |
| Square | bourgeois average american worker |
| Walt Whitman and David Thoreau | Living out in the woods-how the beatniks paralleled their lives |
| Jack Kerwak | On The Road-famous with Jack Cassidy. |
| Dharma Bombs | Written by Jack Kerwak |
| China Syndrome | the meltdown that occurred at a nuclear powerplant |
| Gary Miller | Declared the First general emergency |
| Metropolitan Paulson-Edison | parent company which provided misleading information on the accident |
| Jack Ervine | chosen for PR on 3 mile island |
| Warren Court | The most activist court in the History of the United States |
| Brown v. Board | took up plessy v. ferguson-struck down separate but equal-violated the equal protection clause |
| Miranda Clause | you have the right to remain silent-requires police to recite the rights of a suspect-created under the 4th amendment |
| Baker v. Carr | involved reapportioning districts. One man-One Vote |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | criminals get free legal counsel if they cannot afford it |
| engel v. vitale | bans prayer in public school |
| Mapp v. Ohio | evidence collected wrongfully cannot be used in a court |
| Bill Bradley | ran against Al Gore in the 2000 primary |
| Hanging Chads | Were what made the confusion in the 2000 election in Florida |
| Bush v. Gore | SC said that they would not interfere with the Florida election. Florida would determine the winner, not the court. |
| ABM Treaty | Bush Abrogated this. You don't build them, we won't. Bush said, "Ah f*** it" |
| Doctrine of Preemption | Bush's policy dealing with terrorism. |
| Operation Enduring Freedom | mostly air operations and few men on the ground to fight the taliban |
| Joe Kennedy | Loved and hated. Democrat but supported McCarthy. Many of many sides. Shipped scotch and got really rich off of this. |
| Why England Slept | JFK's thesis at harvard |
| Profiles in Courage | Book by JFK-becomes a bestseller. How politicians face situations opposed by their constituents |
| Grace Kelly | Actress who was Catholic and was in love with JFK. |
| Union League | Clubs that republicans started during the civil war |
| JFK Administration | Oppose communism, keep up with the truman doctrine |
| the Ugly American | how JFK based his foreign policy. American shouldn't think that they own the place. |
| Peace Corp | Started by JFK. Missionaries of democracy |
| Navy SEALS | Sea Air and Land |
| Check Point Charlie | Berlin-US and USSR tanks and troops had their guns pointed at each other. |
| Berlin Wall | Soviets built this as a result of Check Point Charlie |
Combine with other sets
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