| Term | Definition |
|---|
| INTEGUMENT | skin; the body’s largest organ |
| EPIDERMIS | outermost layer of the skin; sometimes called “false” skin |
| DERMIS | the deeper of the two major layers of the skin, composed of dense fibrous connective tissue interspersed with glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels |
| DERMAL-EPIDERMAL JUNCTION | the place the epidermal cells meet the dermis cells |
| SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER | beneath the dermis layers, not actually part of the skin |
| THIN SKIN | covers most of the body is covered by this |
| THICK SKIN | doesn’t contain hair, covers the palms of hands, the soles of feet, and the back |
| KERATINOCYTES | epidermal cell responsible for synthesizing keratin |
| KERATIN | tough, fibrous protein substance in hair, nails, outer skin cells, and horny tissues |
| MELANOCYTES | specialized cell in the stratum basale of the skin that produces melanin |
| MELANIN | brown pigment primarily in skin and hair |
| STRATUM CORNEUM | tough outer layer of the epidermis; cells are filled with keratin |
| KERATINIZATION | process by which cells of the stratum corneum becomes fitted with keratin and move to the surface |
| BARRIER AREA | also called the stratum corneum |
| HYPERKERATOSIS | thickening of the horny layer of the skin |
| STRATUM LUCIDUM | “clear” layer of the epidermis, in the thick skin between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum |
| ELEIDIN | a soft gel-like substance that fill the cells of the Stratum lucidum, will eventually form into keratin |
| STRATUM GRANULOSUM | “ granular layer”, layer in which the process of keratinization begins |
| STRATUM SPINOSUM | “spiny layer” ; layer of epidermis that is rich in RNA to aid in protein synthesis required for keratin production |
| STRATUM BASALE | “base layer”; deepest layer of the epidermis, cells in this layer are able to reproduce themselves |
| CALLUSES | bony tissue that forms a sort of collar around the broken ends of fractured bone during the healing process, in the skin, abnormally thick stratum corneum found at points of friction |
| PAPILLARY LAYER | thin superficial layer of the dermis forms bumps |
| DERMAL PAPILLAE | upper region of the dermis that forms part of the dermal-epidermal junction and forms the ridges and grooves of fingerprints |
| DERMAL RIDGES | form on our toes and fingers they form unique patterns, allow us to grip surfaces and stand on slippery surfaces |
| RETICULAR LAYER | in the dermis layer, consists of a network of fibers |
| ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLES | smooth muscles of the skin, attached to hair follicles; when contraction occurs, the hair stands up, resulting in “goose bumps” |
| LANGER LINES | pattern of dense bundles of white collagenous fibers that characterize the reticular layers of dermis |
| ALBINISM | recessive, inherited condition characterized by a lack of the dark brown pigment melanin in the skin and eyes |
| SURFACE FILM | mixture of residues and secretions from sweat and sebaceous glands with epithelial cells being shed from the epidermis, works as a protective layer |
| DESQUAMATION | the shedding of epithelial elements from the skin surface |
| "RULE OF PALMS" | a method of estimating the extent of a burn by using the palm of a person, was found inaccurate because not everyone has the same size of palms and body shape |
| "RULE OF NINES" | frequently used method to estimate extent of a burn injury in an adult, the body is divided in to into area that are multiples/fractions of 9% |
| 1ST DEGREE BURN | partial-thickness burn, actual tissue destruction is minimal |
| 2ND DEGREE BURN | burn involving the deep epidermal layers of the skin but not causing irreparable |
| 3RD DEGREE BURN | full thickness burn, most serious burn of the three degrees of burns, painless until nerve ending grow back |
| LANUGO | extremely fine and soft hair coat on developing fetus |
| VELLUS | more coarse and with less pigment |
| FOLLICLE | specialized structure required for hair growth |
| GERMINAL MATRIX | cap-shaped cluster of cells at the bottom of a hair follicle |
| SHAFT | visible part of the hair |
| MEDULLA | marrow; hence for the inner portion |
| CORTEX | outer portion |
| SEBUM | secretion of sebaceous gland |
| MALE-PATTERN BALDNESS | requires the factors of inheriting the gene of hair loss, and the male sex chromosome must be present |
| NAIL BODY | visible part of the nail |
| ROOT | part of the nail hidden by the cuticle |
| CUTICLE | skin fold covering the root of the nail |
| LUNULA | crescent-shaped white area under the proximal nail bed |
| NAIL BED | layer of epithelium that lies under the nail body |
| ONYCHOLYSIS | condition of when the nail bed is loosened |
| ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS | water-producing exocrine sweat glands widely dispersed throughout the skin |
| APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS | sweat glands located in the axilla and genital regions |
| SEBACEOUS GLANDS | oil-producing glands in the skin |
| BLACKHEAD | when sebum accumulates, darkens, and enlarges some of the ducts of the sebaceous glands, acne |
| ceruminous glands | gland that produces a waxy substance called cerumen |
| Cerumen | ear wax, produced by the ceruminous glands |
Combine with other sets
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