Cell Growth and Division
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell Cycle | The regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells. Consists of interphase and mitosis. |
| Mitosis | The division of the cell nucleus and its contents. |
| Cytokinesis | The process at the end of mitosis that divides the cells cytoplasm. |
| Chromosome | One long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information. Humans have 46. |
| Histone | The protein resembling a bead on a string that DNA is wrapped around. |
| Chromatin | The loose combination of DNA and proteins. |
| Chromatid | One half of a duplicated chromosome |
| Centromere | The region of the chromosome that are pinched and hold the sister chromatids together |
| Telomere | The ends of DNA molecules. |
| Prophase | Beginning phase of mitosis where nuclear membrane is dissolved and the chromosomes become dense and visible |
| Metaphase | Phase of mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. |
| Anaphase | Phase of mitosis where the chromosomes begin to pull away from the center and move to each pole. |
| Telophase | Phase of mitosis where 2 new daughter cells are almost formed. |
| Growth Factor | A broad group of proteins that stimulate(send signals) for cell division. |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell growth that occurs when internal or external signals activate cells to produce self-destructive enzymes. |
| Cancer | A class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division. |
| Benign | A tumor or clump of disorganized cells remain close together and are harmless. |
| Malignant | When the tumor is not harmless, continues to grow and may spread. |
| Metastasize | When cancer cells break away from the tumor and spread. |
| Carcinogen | Substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer. |
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