5 Written Questions

1. Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical (church) reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization.
2. feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions
3. ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796, added new lands to Russia, encouraged science, art, lierature, Russia became one of Europe's most powerful nations
4. division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe.
5. formed most of the population, and only owned 40% of land; food shortages caused them to lose more money; had to pay rent on the land they worked; ready for a revolution

5 Matching Questions

1. Cossacks
2. Ottoman Empire
3. Ivan III
4. Pugachev's Rebellion
5. Peter the Great

1. a a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe; created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and lasted until the end of World War I; although initially small it expanded until it superseded the Byzantine Empire
2. b peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements.
3. c "Ivan the Great". The first true Russian ruler who who started calling himself czar. He made the final break from the Mongols in 1480 and started a long line of rulers.
4. d (1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.
5. e Emelyan Pugachev promised the serfs land of their own and freedom from their lords, initiating a peasant revolt, the largest of the 18th century. Crushed by Catherine who consequently put more restraints on the serfs

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Led a Cossack revolt in 1670 and 1671, he moved up the Volga river and gained masses of peasant supporters as they killed nobility and Landlords. Finally defeated by the government nobles further enserfed the peasants , holding down the peasants and holding them back from rebellion became the primary concern and responsibility of the nobility.
   1. Stenka Razin/Cossack
   2. Serfdom in Russia
   3. Maria Theresa
   4. Cossacks
2. • The Rise of Brandenburg - Prussia.
   - Hohenzollern Family - controlled both states.
   - Ruled by an "Imperial Elector" (used to help choose who become the H.R.E.)
   • Eventually band together and become one.
   1. Serfdom in Russia
   2. Old Believers
   3. Ottoman Empire
   4. Absolutism in Eastern Europe
3. Warm water port. Peter the Great's access from Russia into the world. Helped westernize Russia.
   1. Peter the Great
   2. Window on the West/St. Petersburg
   3. Frederick the Great
   4. Old Believers
4. THE GREAT ELECTOR. 1st Prussian ruler; unites Brandenburg and other states to form Prussia; runs state as if it were army; builds civil service based on military
   1. Frederick William I
   2. Catherine the Great
   3. Ivan III
   4. Frederick the Great
5. The church of Russia, branch of; supported the Tsar; There was a gap between poor parish peasants and rich bishops
   1. Baroque palaces
   2. Maria Theresa
   3. Patriarch Nikon
   4. Russian Orthodox Church

5 True/False Questions

1. Hapsburgs → peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements.

   True        False

2. Maria Theresa → (1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.

   True        False

3. Frederick the Great → Prussian king of the 18th century; attempted to introduce Enlightenment reforms into Germany; built on military and bureaucratic foundations of his predecessors; introduced freedom of religion; increased state control of economy.

   True        False

4. Baroque palaces → This was the queen of Austria as a result of the Pragmatic Sanction. She limited the papacy's political influence in Austria, strengthened her central bureaucracy and cautiously reduced the power that nobles had over their serfs

   True        False

5. Patriarch Nikon → He was the head of the Orthodox Church from 1652-1667. He came from peasant descent. He was very educated. He demanded to share authority with the Tsar. The Tsar was mad and broke with Nikon. The Tsar exiled Nikon to a remote monastery. Before that he had a thoroughgoing reform of Russian Orthodox texts and rituals.

   True        False