1.
1st continental congress: meeting colonial leaders in philadelphia; only georgia did not attend
2.
Act of toleration: law that provided religious freedom for all christians
3.
Albany plan: Plan to develop one government for the colonies
4.
alliance: an agreement between nations to aid and protect one another
5.
amerigo vespucci: sailed along norther coast of south america. america was named after him
6.
Anne hutchinson: Puritan who spoke against the massachussets government and screwed herself when she said she spoke to god
7.
apprentice: someone who works for someone to learn their skills
8.
astolabe: instrument that helped sailors determine their latitude while at sea.
9.
Bacon's rebellion: attacked because they were upset about the land agreement with the indians.
10.
balboa: claimed the pacific ocean for spain crossed isthmus of panama
11.
battle of cow pens: divided soldie
12.
Battle of lexington ad concord: caused the war against the colonies and england "the shot heard around the world"
13.
battle of LI: 1400 americans killed in this battle
14.
battle of princeton: GW lit fires to attract cornwallis
15.
battle of saratoga: turning point in the war cause france to help us
16.
battle of trenton: GW attacked on christams morning to surprise the drunk british
17.
berkely and carteret: split up NJ
18.
blockade: keeping everything from entering another country
19.
boston massacre: five colonists killed while protesting
20.
boston tea party: Set up by sam adams and sons of liberty. demanded the sips to leave the harbor and when they didn't they dumped the tea into boston harbor
21.
boycott: to refuse to buy something
22.
bunker hill: the bloodiest battle fought on breeds hill
23.
Burgesses: representatives to the HOB
24.
burgoynes plan: wanted howe to get control of the hudson river area
25.
cabot: wanted to find a shorter to asia but landed on novascotia and claimed it.
26.
cartier: traveled for french and founded st lawrence river
27.
cash crop: crops sold for money
28.
cavalry: troops on horseback
29.
champlain: founded first permanent french settlement
30.
charter: a legal document giving certain rights to a person or company
31.
circumnavigate: sail around the world
32.
colony: people who have styled somewhere else but are still uder the rule of their king
33.
columbian exchange: global echange of goods and ideas
34.
committee of correspondence: a group of people who wrote letters to the other colonies to inform them about the things the lobsterbacks were doing
35.
common sense: pamphlet by thomas paine telling the colonists it was OK to want to be independent
36.
continental army: set up by second continental congress. made GW the commander.
37.
cortez: wanted to win riches and glory. went to mexico and tried to conquer the Aztecs
38.
crusades: a series of wars fought by christians to control the holy land
39.
deborah sampson: dressed up as a man but it was discovered "he" was a women when she was injured
40.
debtor: people who owe money they can't pay back
41.
deriving: getting
42.
dias: reached the southern tip of africa. paid by prince henry
43.
Direct democracy: a form of government in which ordinary citizens have the power to govern
44.
dissolve: break
45.
ericson: discovered iceland and greenland
46.
established church: the chosen religion
47.
ethan allen: head of green mountain boys
48.
export: goods sent to markets outside a country
49.
feudalism: A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
50.
Fort Duquesne: French built this fort just where washington wanted to build one
51.
fort necessity: used as a makeshift fort by washinton during the F@I war
52.
fort ticonderoga: captured by GMB without a fight
53.
French and indian war: Fighting over ohio river valley
54.
frobisher: brought home fools gold
55.
fundamental orders: a plan of government for connecticut limited government powers.
56.
general court: massachusetts government male church members elect representatives.
57.
Great awakening: a religious movement that swept through the colonies
58.
Green mountain boys: a band of vermonters led by ethan allen attacked fort ticonderoga to get cannons they could use
59.
guerrilla: hit and run tactic
60.
handy betsy: women blacksmith
61.
hessians: soldiers for germany
62.
house of burgesses: and assembly of representatives
63.
hudson: sailed on half moon into NY
64.
import: goods brought into a country
65.
indentured servant: someone who had there trip to the colonies paid in return for seven years of service
66.
intolerable acts: in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses
67.
James ogelthorpe: founded georgia
68.
jamestown: colony in virginia. John Smith helped save this colony. set up rules and forced colonists to work for their food.
69.
john paul jones: first luitennant commissioned to the navy
70.
lasalle: completed the journey to the gulf of mexico. named louisianna
71.
lord baltimore: proprietor of maryland
72.
loyalist: colonists who remain loyal to britian
73.
magellan: first to sail the pacific
74.
Magna carta: said the king could not raise taxes without consulting with parliament
75.
manor: the lords castle and land around it
76.
Mason Dixon Line: divides the middle and southern colonies
77.
mayflower compact: framework of government for the pilgrims
78.
mercantiliam: a nation becomes strong by keeping strict control over it's trade; economic theory
79.
mercenaries: troops for hire
80.
mercenary: soldier who fights for pay
81.
metacom: led fight against settlers in new england chief of wannapog
82.
middle ages: a period where invasions and war were common.
83.
middle passage: the passage of slave trading ships west across the atlantic ocean
84.
Militia: an army of citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency
85.
minutemen: men prepared to fight at a minute's notice
86.
molly pitcher: carried water to the soldiers in the battle
87.
nathan hale: spy for washington
88.
natural rights: rights that belong to all people from birth
89.
navigation act: regulated trade between england and the colonies
90.
New france: first permanent french settlement
91.
new netherlands: dutch colonies around the area of new york. Dutch merchants had a good business sense.
92.
northwest passage: a waterway through or around north america
93.
olive branch petition: colonists sent this to the king to declare loyalty but asking him to repeal intolerable acts
94.
parliament: british congress
95.
patriots: colonists who favored war against britian
96.
patroon: owner of huge estates
97.
persecution: mistreatment of certain people because of their beliefs
98.
peter stuyevesant: governor of new netherlands; harsh ruler with heavy taxes. had to surrender NY
99.
petition: a formal written request
100.
pilgrim: a group of separatist who let england for religious freedom
101.
pissaro: took over the incas
102.
plains of abraham: a cliff of of the city of quebec
103.
plymouth: new settlement for the pilgrims
104.
ponce de león: search for fountain of youth. didn't find it
105.
Pontiacs war: attack on british troops at fort detroit by the indians
106.
preamble: an introduction
107.
prince henry: started a sailing school. goal was to find a water route to asia. paid others to go around africa
108.
proclamation of 1763: Drew the imaginary line forbidding the colonists to settle west of the appalachians
109.
proprietary colony: when the king gives land to one or more people in return for a yearly payment
110.
protestant reformation: a movement of protest against the catholic church. led by martin luthur
111.
Puritans: religious group who did not want to separate from the church but form a more reformed version.
112.
quaker: A religious group that believe all people are equal and are basically good. They feel that violence is always wrong, and refused to carry guns or fight. They also believe in solving all problems peacefully.
113.
quebec act: gave more freedoms to canada and pissed off the colonies
114.
R.H. Lee: wrote a resolution in favor of independence
115.
ratified: approved
116.
religious tolerance: freedom to follow your religion
117.
relinquish: give up
118.
renaissance: time period with a great bust of learning and art
119.
repeal: cancel
120.
representative government: voters elect representatives to make laws for them
121.
republic: A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting
122.
roanoke: first english colony. john whitewent back for supplies and when he returned everyone was gone
123.
roger williams: settled rhode island.
believed in religious freedom
government should have limited power and we should pay indians for their land.
124.
Royal colony: colony that is under the strict control of the english crown
125.
sabbath: holy day of rest
126.
secure: protect
127.
siege: a military blockade that forces another to surrender
128.
slave sodes: treated slaves not as humans
129.
sons of liberty: group of angry colonists who protested british policies
130.
stamp act: a tax on all legal documents and other papers
131.
tea act: allowed the east india company to sell to the colonists so lower tax on englands tea.
132.
thanksgiving: pilgrims brgan as a celebration of their harvest
133.
THomas jefferson: helped write the declaration of independence president of second continental congress
134.
townshend act: taxed glass paint lead and tea
135.
traitior: a person who betrays his or her country
136.
Treaty of paris: End of french and indian war
137.
triangular trade: a three way trade involving slaves and other goods
138.
turning point: moment in history that makes a decisive chang
139.
tyranny: harsh and unjust government
140.
valley forge: long cold winter here for washington and his army
141.
vasco de gama: sailed for prince henry. went around cape of good hope and opened trade routes to asia.
142.
Vikings: first to explore north america
143.
Von Steuben: trained washingtons men at valley forge
144.
william penn: founded pennsylvania. the holy experiment model of religious freedom
145.
william prescot: led troops in bunker hill
146.
Writs of assistance: legal documents that allowed officer to inspect and search houses and ships without a reason
147.
yorktown: whee cornwallis was forced to surrender
