Final History Terms/Events
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caseylefever on January 12, 2012
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150 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 camp david accord | peace treaty signed bt Egypt and israel at the Presidential retreat in Maryland under the leadership of Jimmy Carter |
| new federalism | policy of nixon to return control of many govt programs to state and local govt rather than national govt control |
| NOW | organization tht was formed to advocate the rights of women as a group helped to led the womens movement of the 60s and 70s |
| george wallace | governor of alabama who stood in the doorway of the Univ of AL to protest its order to integrate he later ran for Pres on platform of cont. segregation |
| ronald reagan | pres who led a conservative revolution in the 80s reduced taxes and increased military spending ran high deficits iran-contra scandal in his 2nd term as pres |
| ERA | proposed constitutional amend that would've guarunteed equal rights regardless of sex proposed amend has never been ratified |
| tet offensive | this was the turning point of the vietnam conflict as the comm forces mounted a massive offensive and although they were defeated it served to discourage the american military and public jan 1968 |
| robert kennedy | he was the attorney general under John F Kennedy and later became the leading candidate for Pres in 1968 before he was assassinated by sirhan sirhan |
| persian gulf war? | war fought in 1991 against iraq to force them to withdraw from the ntion of kuwait george bush was pres |
| kent state | college campus where vietnam war protests were met with gunfire of Ntl Guard troops and several students were killed |
| james earl ray | convicted assassin of MLK jr |
| james meredith | african american man who was the first to go to a formerly segregated Univ of Mississippi |
| bill clinton | elected pres in 1992 signed NAFTA agreement to create a free trade network worked with congress to balance the budget and create a budget surplus 2nd pres to be impeached, but was founf not guilty |
| jimmy carter | elected pres 1976 as a non-washington outsider led peace talks w/ egypt and israel followed human rights foreign policy |
| contract with america | agreement made w/ american voters by 1990s republican congress to reduce govt spending and to produce a balanced budget |
| iranian hostage crisis | crisis under jimmy carter tht involved the taking of hostages from a US embassy in a foreign nation |
| richard nixon | elected pres in 1968 had been VP under eisenhower policy of detente helped to ease the cold war tensions policy of vietnamization led to US withdrawal from vietnam resigned as pres after watergate scandal |
| war powers act | law passed after the vietnam war which limits Pres' ability to send troops into battle w/o approval of congress |
| gulf of tonkin | resolution tht asked the US congress for permission to retalliate against north vietnam for attacks against us vessels in the waters near vietnam lbj issued the resolution and soon thereafter escalated the wasr in vietnam |
| new frontier | name given to the JFK admins. policies tht challenged the nation to move into the future containment, civil rights, and space exploratuin were some of the goals of the program |
| suburbia | the word describes the growth of the areas surrounding urban areas as man american sought a quiter lifestyle |
| marshall pan | name of proposeal to rebuild areas of europe destroyed by WWII US loaned over 14 billion in supplies and materials to jhelp these nations a methodd to fight the possible spread of comm |
| JFK | winner of 1960 pres election challenged americans to "ask what theycan do for their country" est/ peace corp avoided war during the cuban missile crisis was assassinated in Dalllas 1963 |
| lee harvey oswald | accused lone assassin of JFK killed 2 days after JFK by Jack ruby ofthen the topic of several conspiracy theories surrounding assassination |
| bay of pigs | failed invasion of cuba by cuban nationalist exiles trying to oust fidel castro the exiles had US help and were completely defeated great embarassment to the kennedy admins |
| containment | the idea of stopping the spread of communism theory was set forth by george kennan who was the US ambassador to the USSR the truman doctrine was the official US policy that reflected this theory |
| MLK | leader of non-violent disobedience civil rights movement that begun in montgomery AL and spread across the nation |
| civil rights act 1964 | civil rights law passed after JFK's death that banned segregation in all public places |
| joseph mccarthy | US senator who began to accuse various ppl in the govt and entertainment profession of being communist the accusations were usually w/o proof and served to assassinate the character of the accused |
| munich peace conference | meeting where british and french leaders practiced the policy of appeasement with hitler and divided Czech. in order to avoid war and keep "peace in our time" policy failed as war was inevitable |
| huey long | new deal critic who was a senator from louisiana and promoted a program in which he said "every man is a king" and ppl should be guarunteed an annual income, a home, and a college education |
| WEB DuBois | african american leader who was the first black graduate of Harvard he stressed that blacks need to be given the same chance at higher education and civil rights as whites helped to found the NAACP in1909 |
| Open Door Notes | US foreign policy goals sent by john hay to several other nations stating the hope of the US that all nations be given equal access to trade in china |
| ida tarbell | muckraker who wrote about "the history of standard oil" and exposed the harsh business practices of john d. rockefeller |
| FDR | american Pres during Depression and WWII who started new deal programs and promised to help relieve the suffering of the poor during the Depression elected to four terms as Pres |
| battle of the bulge | last major offensive battle by hitler in WWII US troops played a major part in this defensive effort after this point, germany was forced into retreat |
| pearl harbor | Dec 7, 1941 surprise attack by the Japanese on the US brought the US into WWII |
| TVA | new deal program designed to provide jobs and electricty through one of the nation's poorest areas program still exists today |
| susan b anthony | one of the femaleleaders of the women's suffrage movement was the first woman to have her picture on a US coin |
| progrssives | group of middle class reformers who sought to improve society in the early part of the 1900s |
| roosevelt corollary | this is an addition to the monroe doctrine where the US states that any interference in this hemisphere will be done by the US led to US involvement in panama, nicaragua, and mexico among others |
| alfred mahan | wrote a book called the "influence of sea power upon history" where he stressed the need for the US to build and upkeep a modern and powerful navy led to the great white fleet in early 1900s |
| populists | political party that developed in the late 1800s to represent the views of the mid-west farmers had the most ... on elections in the years of 1892-1896 most of the group political goals were later incorporated by the 2 major parties |
| united nations | name of the world organization formed at the end of wwii that is located in NY |
| midway | turning point battle of the war against japan naval battle fought only with naval aircraftt |
| atlantic charter | agreement b/t the US and britain signed after the beginning of wwii churchill and roosevelt met to sign this agreement which states our common goals for winning the war |
| social security | new deal program tht created a safety net for the elderly and the young to provide them w/ ann income to meet basic needs this is the single largest program operated by our govt of today |
| NRA | new deal program designed to get businesses and consumers to support the policies of the govt prices were set and wages were arranged working hours were regulated and strikes postpones cooperating businesses displayed the program's symbol of a blue eagle |
| harry truman | became pres upon the death of FDR ended wwii with the dropping of the atomic bomb lead the nation in the korean war helped est. the policy of comm. containment desegregated the US military |
| rosie the riveter | fictional character that represented the importance tht women have played in our effort to fight wwii as they replaced men in all forms of factory work |
| court packing | controversy involving FDR's suggestion that the supreme court needed additional members b/c of its rulings against several new deal programs |
| fdic | new deal program tht was designed to foster confidence in the banking system bc the govt will guarantee your savings are safe |
| douglas macarthur | lead commander of the US in the pacific in wwii served as occupational governor of japan after the war led US troop in the korean war until his dismissal by truman for criticizing the Pres |
| fascist | type of govt tht developed in the 1930s in italy and germany a type of totalitarian govt led by a dictator type figure |
| francis townsend | new deal critic who proposed a pension system for the elderly this helped to bring about the social security act of 1935 |
| versailles peace conference | conference to end wwi the big 4 decided most of the issues most of wilsons 14 points were ignored except for the league of nations germany was put at fault for causing the war |
| victory garden | individ. garden where an american would try to grow their own food in order to save food supplies for the war effort |
| speakeasy | this is a secret drinking club tht were found in thousands of cities all across the US during prohibition |
| kellogg-briand pact | agreement signed in 1929 tht outlawed the use of war signed by a majority of the world's nations, but it lacked any real enforcement provisions |
| league of nations | name of the world peace keeping organization proposed by Pres woodrow wilson |
| espionage and sedition act | federal law passed during wwi tht limited any form of protest against the policies of the govt or its ability to fight the war the "clear and present danger" doctrine supported the govt's case |
| charles lindbergh | first man to fly solo across the atlantic ocean became the greatest of american heroes at the time plane was called the spirit of st. louis |
| return to normalcy | policy of warren harding and calvin coolidge to return to the policies of the US before the times of wwi laissez-faire business and isolationalism |
| schenck vs. US | supreme court case where the court set the doctrine of "clear and present danger" to judge the constitutionality of one's actions court stated tht rights are curtailed during times of war |
| bonus army | protestors who came to washington to ask congress to pay a wwi payment to veterans earlier than promised bc of the depression congress refused and the protestors were dispersed by the US military |
| harlem renaissance | period of african american art, music, and literature during the 1920s |
| teapot dome | scandal in the harding admin. where govt lands containing oil reserves were leased at a very low price to oil companies for a kickback payment to certain officials one ex of govt corruption |
| peace without victory | idea of pres. wilsons that wwi would not be the last war unless we eliminate the reasons for war in this speech he calls for nations of war and to make this the last war we ever fight |
| new deal | policy of FDR where he pledged to help the poor of the american public in the depression and he would provide direct aid to those who needed it |
| marcus garvey | 1920s african american leader who proposed a negro nationalism movement where african americans could return to africa in order to endure their civil liberties rather than stay in america |
| national origins act | 1920s immigration law that set up a quota system to determine the # of immigrants allowed discriminatory system against all non-western europeans |
| zimmermann note | intercepted telegram from germany to mexico trying to keep the US out of wwi by having mexico declare war on the US the intercepted note helped convince US leaders to enter wwi against germany |
| square deal | program of Pres theodore roosevelt to help give every person a fair chance he pledged to fight the bad trusts and help to reform the evils of society |
| eugene v. debs | socialist leader during the early 1900s received nearly 1 million votes for Pres helped to found the industrial union movement in the late 1800s |
| robert lafollette | reform governor of wisconsin he was a leader in the effort to bringabout voter reforms such as the secret ballot, recall, referendums, and initiatives |
| remember the maine | battle cry of the nation in the spanish american war after it was destroyed in the harbor of havana cuba |
| gold standard | this is the monetary policy of being able to base our system of paper money on the amount of gold the nation has |
| black power | idea promoted by stokely carmichael to describe the idea tht african americans should control their social, economic, and political lives and separate from white society if needed |
| deferments | practice of giving college bound students an exemption from the draft sending men to fight in vietnam this became one of the major issue protested in the war |
| detente | nixon's policy of relaxing tensions b/t the superpowers led to several arms reduction treaties with the USSR and a state visit to communist china in 1972 |
| voting rights act 1965 | ntl law passed to guarantee voting privileges to african americans across the nation |
| watergate | name of the crisis tht forced Pres nixon to resign as Pres of US |
| cesar chavez | leader of the migrant farm workers union tht formed in 60s and 70s to improve the wages and conditions these workers were receiving |
| hippies | name given to members of the counter culture movement of the 60s and 70s they often objected to societal norms and experimented with communal living and hallucinogenic drugs |
| pentagon papers | secret documents leaked to the NY Times tht told of the activities of several Pres to escalate the war in vietnam w/o the congress' or public's knowledge |
| viet cong | name of the south vietnamese comm fighters who were our opponents in the vietnam war |
| nation of islam | african american group tht advocated black nationalism and separation from white society they were also a religious group who required members to convert to the muslim religion |
| malcolm x | spokesperson for the controversial nation of islam advocated black nationalism and separation from white society accepted the use of violence in order to defend oneself against civil rights abuses |
| sit-ins | began in greensboro NC to protest the segregation policies of many public restaurants started by 4 nc a&t college students |
| great society | name of lyndon b johnsons program to fight evilsof our society, namely poverty, discrimination, unemployment, and poor education |
| korean war | war fought to stop the invasion of comm across the 38th parallel fought from 1950-1953 war begun under truman and ended under eisenhower |
| freedom riders | group of civil disobedience protestors who rode into segregated bus stations to prove the point of civil rights abuses some were injured in a bomb tht was placed on one of the buses |
| brown vs. board | supreme court case where the court ruled tht segregation is no longer acceptable decision was made in a school desegregation case in 1954 |
| peace corps | group begun by JFK tht was composed of volunteers who went to under developed nations and tried to help the people there improve their lives |
| 38th parallel | this line represented the division of North and South korea this is the area where the korean war began and ended as neither side gained any measurable land area |
| truman doctrine | Pres policy of trying to aid any nation tht needs aid to prevent the spread of comm. govts |
| birmingham | city in 1963 tht met civil rights protestors with police dogs and firehoses brought ntl attn to the movement and forced the federal govt to (respond?) |
| rosa parks | montgomery lady who signals the beginning of the civil rights movement when she refuses to give up a seat on a segregated bus |
| dwight eisenhower | he was the leader of the american forces in europe during wwii elected pres in 1952 sent troops to desegregate little rock central warned the nation of the dangers of the military-industrial complex |
| march on washington | large protest in Aug 1963 outside the lincoln memorial to protest the conditions of civil rights MLK jr gave his "i have a dream speech" in this protest |
| warren commission | name of the official govt investigation into the death of JFK |
| berlin wall | this symbol of comm was constructed in 1961 to prevent travel and communication b/t the east and west parts of berlin |
| u-2 | name of US spy plane tht was shot down over the USSR during the eisenhower admins. |
| berlin airlift | cold war confrontation where the US had to fly supplies into a germany city in order to prevent its takeover by comm forces under the USSR |
| little rock | city where pres eisenhower had to send troops in order to desegregate a local all white high school in 1957 |
| LBJ | became pres upon the death of JFK created a domestic program called the Great Society to fight poverty began US involvement in vietnam |
| cuban missile crisis | ntl crisis of 1962 when the US discovered nuclear missiles being placed in cuba by the USSR led to a near war with the USSR |
| NATO | name of the security organization formed by the US and western european nations in the cold war |
| manhattan project | secret govt project tht led to the construction of the atomic bomb |
| d-day | name for the famed invasion of normandy france on june 6, 1944 as allied troops formed the beaches to begin the attack on hitler from the western front |
| CCC | new deal program where young men were sent to do work outside planting trees, fighting forest fires, and working in ntl parks |
| hiroshima | place where the first atomic bomb was dropped in august 1945 |
| WPA | new deal program where the govt gave jobs for public works but also to artists, musicians, photographers, and writers to complete project for the public's benefit |
| 100 days | the name given to the first part of FDRs admin where they worked w/ congress to pass and create many new programs to try and deal w/ the Depression |
| fireside chats | this was the way in which Franklin Roosevelt communicated w/ the american public throughout the Depression and wwii they often times served to ease the fears of the public during these trying times |
| island hopping | strategy of the US to defeat Japan in the many island of the pacific led to major conflicts in places like the solomons, philippines, iwo jima, and okinawa |
| dust bowl | the name given to the lower mid-west during a period of great drought in the 1930s many farmers had to abandon the area and become migrant workers in other parts of the nation |
| iron curtain | name given by winston churchill to the areas of europe tht were now under the control of the USSR |
| japanese internment | this is when the population of Japaneses american in the western US were forced into detention camps bc of the attacks on pearl harbor decision was challenged in court, but the court supported the efforts of the govt |
| PWA/CWA | new deal program designed to give jobs to the unemployed the program was used to build many public buildings, roads, and schools |
| herbert hoover | elected Pres in 1928 after years of economic success in the US predicted the end of poverty was Pres when the depression began believed in rugged individulaism and refused direct relief to the poor |
| flappers | this is the name given to the new women of the 1920s she is carefree, wears different styles of clothing and is much less conservative than the victorian age women before her |
| KKK | group tht experienced a large growth in membership during the red scare of the 1920s membership declined quickly as the discriminatory practices of the group offended most moderate americans |
| woodrow wilson | progressive Pres who est. the federal reserve, the federal trade commission, and got the clayton anti-trust act passed led the nation through wwi and tried to est. the league of nations |
| black tuesday | october 29, 1929 signaled the financial collapse of the nation seen as a beginning point of the great depression |
| clayton anti-trust | 1914 law tht strengthen the govts ability to break up illegal trusts tht overcharged consumers and hindered competition |
| rugged individualism | belief of herbert hoover's that the govt shouldnt give direct aid to the poor bc it would (destroy) the person pride and their belief in (hard) work |
| red scare | name given to the fear of comm radicals in US after the end of wwi many suspected socialists or communists were deported out of this fear |
| trench warfare | type of warfare in wwi where both sides reached a deadly stalemate w/ "no man's land" bt them |
| sacco and vanzetti | these were two italian immigrants who were known socialists/anarchists they were accused of a murder and were convicted in a less than fair trial both were later executed for the crime |
| lusitania | british ocean liner tht was sunk by german u-boats in 1915 american citizens were among those who died led to an ultimatum by the US to germany to stop targeting civilian ships |
| 18th amendment | amend tht prohibited the sale and or manufacture of alcohol in the nation it was later repealed by the 21st amend |
| 14 points | this is the name of woodrow wilson's plan tht he took to the versailles peace treaty conference the plan stated the reason for war and gave suggestions as to how to avoid future wars the last part described a world peace keeping group |
| jungle | book by upton sinclair depicted the abuses of the meatpacking industry was originally meant to be a story of the hard life lived by immigrants |
| isolationalism | the long time policy of the united states in foreign affairs before the 1890s we tried to stay out of the affairs of other nations |
| grange | farmers organization tht began as a social group but evolved into a political group was eventually replaced by the larger populism party the group is also known as the patrons of husbandry |
| FDA | govt agency created after the publishing of the "Jungle" to make sure the food and medicine we take are safe |
| big stick | name given to the sometimes rough but always effective politics of Theodore roosevelt he used this type of politics to battle trusts, est. ntl parks, and build the panama canal |
| imperialism | new foreign policy of the US beginning in the late 1800s where we are seeking to est. colonies in different parts of the world |
| sherman anti-trust act | first real attempt by the govt to regulate large businesses law was passed after the granger laws regulating railroads were declared unconstitutional bc they tried to regulate interstate commerce |
| bull moose/ progressive | party started by theodore roosevelt during his 1912 ttempt to run for Pres as a third party candidate |
| social gospel | idea tht you should help those that are less fortunate than you this was practiced by such groups as the salvation army and the settlement house movement |
| muckrakers | name given to the investigative journalists of the progressive era who tried to show the corruption and greed tht was affecting the nation |
| plessy vs. ferguson | supreme court case tht made segregation legal w/ the doctrine of "separate but equal" decision made in 1896 |
| federal reserve | progressive reform under woodrow wilson tht created a system of ntl banks throughout the nations to control the country's banking system tht same system controls the money supply and interest rate in our nation today |
| teddy roosevelt | became pres when william mckinley died known for his "big stick" political style where he used the office of Pres to push for reforms est. ntl forest lands, fought big business, and helped get the panama canal completed |
| upton sinclair | wrote a book called the "jungle" to call attention to the lives of immigrants however the book did bring attention to the horrible conditions found in the nation's food industry |
| booker t. washington | african american leader who advocated the teaching of trade skills to help achieve economic equality first founded tuskegee institute |
| william jennings bryan | populist and democratic candidate for pres in 1896 gave the famous "cross of gold speech" in his supprt for the idea of free coinage of silver lost the election to william mckinley |
| rough riders | group of volunteer cavalry soldiers led by theodore roosevelt in the spanish american war made the famous charge of san juan hill |
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