Evolution Chapter 13 Biology
Order by
33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 evolution | a change of species over time |
| 4.5 billion years | beginning of earth |
| Charles Darwin | is considered the father of modern evolutionary theory and conducted much research in the Galpagos |
| 2 major ideas of Darwins book | Species change over time changes in a species occur due to natural selection |
| Natural Selection | some organisms are more suited to their environment and have traits that help them survive and reproduce better than organisms without those traits |
| Name 5 things that give evidence of evolution | Fossil records, homologous and vestigial structures, comparative embryology and similarities and differences in DNA and proteins |
| Ways the age of fossils can be determined | by examining how deeply they are buried and the organisms around them and by using radioactive minerals |
| an example of vestigial structures | hind limbs of whales |
| an example of homologous structures | forelimbs of vertebrates (alligator, penguin, bat and human) |
| homologous structures | similar structures in organisms suggest that those organisms had a common ancestor |
| vestigial | structures that were once useful to an organism no longer serve a purpose - human appendix |
| embryological development | most vertebrate embryos look alike in the early stages of development and are similar to other organisms ( human embryos have gill pouch, coat of fine fur, short tail for a short time) |
| DNA and Protein Evidence | many organisms share some of the same DNA with organisms they are related to like the chimpanzee and humans and also a mouse |
| directional, disruptive and stabilizing selection | three patterns of natural selection |
| directional selection | one extreme is better suited tot he environment than others like peppered moth in England |
| Disruptive selection | both extremes are better suited to the environment than the average: Large and small beaks are best for getting food - not medium sized beaks. |
| stabilizing selection | the average is best suited tot he environment |
| Causes of evolution other than natural selection | changes in genes due to chance and reproductive isolation |
| convergent evolution | organisms without a common ancestor begin to look alike due to similar environmental pressures (sharks, penguins and dolphins has similar bodies |
| coevolution | two organisms evolve in response to changes in each other |
| punctuated equilibrium | evolution that occurs in jumps or bursts and pauses |
| Thomas Malthus | wrote that populations tend to grow as much as the environment tends to allow them and sustain them |
| Gradualism | a process of evolution in which speciation occurs slowly and gradually. |
| Similarities of structures | provide evidence that all vertebrates share a common ancestor |
| Reproductive isolation | keeps newly forming species from breeding with each other |
| Lyell's Principles of Geology | past events must be able to be explained in terms of processes that can be observed |
| Jean Baptiste Lamark | believed that physical features increase in size because of use or reduce in size because of disuse (incorrect) |
| Lamark's main idea that Darwin liked | species change according to their environment |
| Malthus | reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient space or food |
| Maltus main idea that Darwin liked | plants and animals - more than humans - could product more offspring than space or food |
| example of reproductive isolation | kaibab squirrel and abert squirrel |
| example of co evolution | moth with long tongue and flower with long neck for nectar |
| Antibiotic resistant bacteria | an example natural selection or evolution and bacteria. New bacteria cannot be killed by old antibiotics |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.