Social Studies Study Guide American Revolution
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Created by:
gaocin123 Plus on January 12, 2012
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Here is a complete Study guide for the upcoming "American Revolution" Test.
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Advantages of Americans | George Washington, a strong leader. Fighting to defend their country. Many experienced rifle users. |
| Advantages of British | Well-trained, experienced troops. Powerful navy. Mercenary troops. Had supplies, money, and people to fight. |
| Battle of Bunker Hill Part 1 | On June 16, 1775. Colonel William Prescott led 1,200 minutemen up Bunker Hill across the river from Boston. They could fire on British ships in Boston Harbor. He noticed that Breeds Hill was a better spot, ordered men to move. |
| Battle of Bunker Hill Part 2 | William Howe noticed. Ferried 2,400 redcoats across harbor to attack rebels. "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes". When Americans finally fired, British were forced to retreat. A second attack was turned back. |
| Results of Battle of Bunker Hill | Third time British attacked, they took Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill. 1000 redcoats dead or wounded. Only 400 Americans died. Proved Americans could fight and moral rose. |
| Battle of Long Island | August 1776. British troops fought with Washingtons. Washington was forced to retreat to Manhattan. There Washington fought a series of battles with the British. The British finally captured New York. Washington had to retreat across Hudson River into New Jersey, then Pennsylvania. |
| Battle of Trenton and Princeton | In December and January, Washington attacked the British and they won. These victories gave Americans new hope. |
| Valley Forge, Pennsylvania | The Americans had to suffer through a long winter of 1777-1778 lacking food and supplies, so many soldiers fell ill or were victims to severe frostbite. Eventually Patriots around the colonies sent supplies and ammunition to help them a bit, who still had months of fighting. |
| Battle of Saratoga | October 1777. Patriots defeated British in New York. This American victory was a major turning point in the war. |
| Results of Battle of Saratoga | Ended British threats to New England and raised American spirits. The victory proves that Americans have a chance at winning. France gives military support to America. Spain, Holland, other countries and individual organizations help as well. |
| George Washington | A brilliant and determined commander. Was a Virginia farmer. |
| Henry Knox | He set up guns at Fort Ticonderoga. |
| Prelude to Battle of Yorktown | The British faced problems when they moved away from the coast. They weren't able to protect it, so Washington and the French made a plan where the French would surround the British by sea while Washington surrounded them by land. |
| Battle of Yorktown | 16,000 American and French troops laid siege to Cornwallis's army of less than 8,000. He held out for several weeks, but because his men and supplies were dangerously low, he surrendered. The other choice was for his forces to be completely wiped out or captured. |
| Treaty of Paris | It said that the British would recognize the US as independent. Also established the border of the US. |
| Hessians | Soldiers from Germany. |
| Mercenaries | Troops for hire. They fight for money. |
| Benedict Arnold | Major General in the Army. Led troops at Ticonderoga, Quebec, and Saratoga. Wounded his left leg at Quebec and Saratoga badly. He was mad that he didn't get a promotion quickly, since he deserved it. 1778- Married Peggy Shippen. Got massive debts, so he started talking with General H. Clinton of the British. Since he agreed to surrender a major position of the Patriots, he would get money and respect, except that his communicator Andre, was caught and hanged. Arnold escapes to England. |
| Charles Cornwallis | An English general. |
| Why The Americans Won | The Americans were fighting on home territory. France Spain, Holland, and private organizations gave help. Americans were proud and morale improved. British cruelty in the south turned many Loyalists into Patriots. |
| Nathan Hale | Was a schoolteacher from Conneticut. He volunteered to go behind British Lines during Washington's campaign for NY. He was seized by the British who found maps showing troop positions in his shoes. When he was hanged, he said the famous last words "I only regret that I have one life to lose for my country." |
| John Paul Jones | Scottish born. In 1779, was the commander of the ship Bonhomme Richard and attacked the British ship Serapis. His ship was badly damaged so the British offered him a chance to surrender, but he said: "I have not yet begun to fight" which was a famous quote. He then fought on until the British surrendered. |
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