| Term | Definition |
|---|
| biome | group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities |
| biosphere | part of Earth in which life exists including land, water and atmosphere |
| community | assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area |
| ecology | scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment |
| ecosystem | collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment |
| population | group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area |
| species | group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
| autotroph | organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; producer |
| biomass | total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
| carnivore | organisms that obtains energy by eating animals |
| chemosynthesis | process by which some organisms such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
| consumer | organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; heterotroph |
| decomposer | organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter |
| detritivore | organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter |
| ecological pyramid | diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web |
| food chain | food chain: series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
| food web | network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem |
| herbivore | organism that obtains energy by eating only plants |
| heterotroph | organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumers; consumer |
| omnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| producer | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; autotroph |
| trophic level | step in a food chain or food web |
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