Social Studies Flashcards-Period 3
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Created by:
Jordanivie on January 13, 2012
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110 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Thomas Aquinas | priest who tried to merge logic with faith; supported movement towards higher learning in Europe |
| Bubonic Plague | Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people |
| 3 Field System | farming technique, 1 planted in the spring and harvested in the fall, 1 planted in the winter and harvested in the spring, 1 left to rest (rotation) |
| Wat Tyler's Rebellion | demanded higher wages; forceful |
| Guild | group of people who come together for the same reason/purpose; had the same job |
| Marco Polo | the European Ibn Battuta |
| Renaissance | 'rebirth' of learning and culture in Europe from 1200-1500 |
| Humanism | focus on human experience; expresses what it means to be human |
| Dante | author of Dante's Inferno; a renaissance author |
| Chaucer | wrote the canterbury tales |
| Giotto | one of the first renaissance artists |
| Patron | paid for a certain piece of artwork |
| Lorenzo Medici | very influential patron of the arts |
| Universities | art of the rebirth of education; popped up in major trade centers because it took a lot of money to fund them |
| Magna Carta | document that limited the king |
| Gutenberg Bible | made possible by the Gutenberg Printing Press, very popular, increased education and 10 million Bibles printed by 1500 |
| Hundred Years War | monarchs became much stronger |
| Parliament | law makers; tried to eliminate the king by making the government limited |
| Zheng He | Chinese Explorer |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Portugal Prince who set up a navigation school there |
| Astrolabe | an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets |
| Caravel | A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in exploration |
| Bartolomeu Diaz | 1st to round the tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) |
| Vasco de Gama | 1st to reach india from Europe |
| Christopher Columbus | 1st european to discover North America |
| Ferdinand Magellan | 1st person to circumnavigate the world |
| Gold Coast | place with a tremendous amount of Gold on the West Coast of Africa |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish Conquistador, Mexico -->Aztecs, Aztecs thought that he was a returning God |
| Malinche/Dona Maria | Translator, seen as a betrayer to the Aztecs, princess to one of the tribes that the Aztecs conquered, helped collect data on wars |
| Montezuma | Aztec leader when the spanish took over, rebellion |
| Francisco Pizarro | took over the Inca |
| Treaty of Tordesillas/Saragossa | line dividing where Spain and Portugal could take over, created by the pope |
| Protestant Reformation | Christian split, indulgences, 95 theses, faith over deeds, use of printing press |
| Indulgences | Payments for sins, never supported by the pope only by individual priests |
| Martin Luther | nailed the 95 theses on the church doors |
| Catholic Reformation | Counter attack to major schism, jesuits, inquisition, missionaries |
| Jesuits | society of Jesus, missionaries, very orderly |
| Inquisition | to find people who went against the church, heretics, persecuted/killed |
| English Reformation | King Henry VIII seeks an annulment, makes the Anglican Church |
| English Bill Of Rights | restricted power of the king |
| Henry VIII | English reformation, set up the Anglican Church to the views that he liked |
| Scientific Revolution | major change in scientific thought, heliocentric, telescope, gravity |
| Copernicus | announced belief that the sun was the center of the universe not earth (heliocentric) |
| Heliocentric | the sun is the center of the universe, Copernicus's Idea |
| Galileo | confirmed Copernicus's ideas, invented the telescope |
| Issac Newton | the 4 laws of physics, motion gravity etc. |
| Enlightenment | major philosophical movement, questioned the power of governance, questioned the rights of people |
| Voltaire | free speech in society |
| John Locke | announced belief that the government should be responsive to the people |
| Social Contract Theory | everyone gives up rights for government protection |
| Joint-Stock Company | dutch, fueled colonization of the americas and bahamas, private investors made money by investing it into the colonies |
| Absolutism | when monarchs were in total control of an area, got all taxes, huge military, centralization, unification |
| Palace at Versailles | Age of absolutism's example, had to have so much money to make and maintain |
| Balance of Power | countries banded together to keep each other in check because they didn't want one in total power |
| Parliament | check on the king |
| Colombian Exchange | all of the goods and ideas exchanged between the new world and the old world (the americas and europe) |
| Viceroy | king or queen of spain appointed a viceroy to help govern new spain (mexico) |
| Colonial Mexico | silver deposites |
| Colonial Brazil | sugar, slaves, silver |
| Encomienda | system of forced labor, used by spanish in Latin America |
| Mita | replaced the encomienda, not as tightly controlled |
| Bartolomé de Las Casas | priests, first fighter for indian rights, against forced conversion, thought everyones soul was equal |
| Colonial America | tobacco |
| Colonial Canada | furs |
| Indentured Servant | system of slave labor, gave life to work for 7 years, in return you get land and money, usually never lived to see the reward |
| Iroquois Confederacy | 1st to take on and go with the europeans, wanted peace |
| Chartered Companies | companies permitted by king to go to make money off of goods there |
| Dutch West India Company | chartered company told to go to the West Indies (the Americas, and the Caribbean) |
| Dutch East India Company | chartered company told to go to India (in the east) |
| Royal African Company | chartered company told to go to Africa to turn a profit on the Slaves |
| Plantation System | large farms that relied on slave labor, stratified, disease was a major killer, low mortality rates |
| Sugar Plantations | in the Caribbean and Brazil, used sugar as major export |
| Slave Driver | a slave that enforces slave labor without a rebellion |
| Manumission | When a slave earns their freedom, last common in British North America |
| Mercantilism | Purpose of colonies to benefit the main country, may limit the trade |
| Capitalism | take capital and invest it into something to turn a profit, joint-stock company |
| Middle Passage | voyage for the slaves across the Atlantic from Africa to the West Indies |
| African Diaspora | dispersement of africans to places where slave trade were, caused by slave trade, spreading of africans to the Americas, the Caribbean and Brazil |
| Sugar | major export from Brazil and the Caribbean |
| Tobacco | major export from the British North Americas |
| Ottoman Empire | in Turkey and the Balkans, similar to centralized monarchies in France and Spain, tax farming |
| Sultan | a muslim king during the ottoman empire |
| Memhed II | The Sultan responsible for conquering Constantinople |
| Suleiman the Magnificent | the Sultan at the height of the Ottoman Empire, centralized power, expanded military, bettered economy |
| Istanbul | crossroads of culture, capital of the Ottoman Empire (constantinople) |
| Hagia Sophia | Became a mosque when the Ottoman Empire took over |
| Janissary | elite military group hired to protect the sultan during the ottoman empire |
| Tax Farming | Suleiman invented during the Ottoman Empire, private collectors sent out to collect the taxes |
| Tulip Period | period in Ottoman History where everything in Europe was in Vogue, name comes from demand for tulips grown in Denmark which were in high demand |
| Oman | sitting right at the most important area for global oil trade, controlled by the ottoman but still had european ports |
| Safavid Empire | rise of Shi'ite islam, modern day Iran, increased veiling and concealment of women |
| Mughal Empire | modern day India, land of hindus controlled by muslims, military bureaucracy collected taxes, prosperous economy because of cotton cloth, traded textiles with Europe |
| Babur | Wanted to unify all empires, expanded the Mughal empire the most |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | reunification of Japan, heightened economy, wealthy, jesuits expelled |
| Francis Xavier | primary Jesuit in Japan |
| Rice Exchanges | exchange of rice for contract of what you are worth, similar to flying money |
| Ronin | masterless samuri |
| Qing Empire | huge with small bureacracy |
| Kangxi | restricted trade, built roads, welcomed Jesuits |
| Forbidden City | in Beijing, palace, showed wealth of Qing |
| Great Wall | barrier built by Qing to prevent mongol attack |
| Kowtow | bowing down to show respect |
| Chinaware | major export of Japan |
| Tzar | Russian king |
| Muscovite | take over after Mongols |
| Romanov | Ruling dynasty in russia |
| Cossacks | rough and cruel, expanded Russia, fur trade |
| Peter the Great | westernization, moved capital, sea port expansion, military modernization |
| St. Petersburg | new capital named after Peter the Great |
| Catherine the Great | enlightenment mindset and promotion |
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