| Term | Definition |
|---|
| atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding Earth. |
| atmosphere | This part of the Earth protects living things against harmful doses of ultraviolet radiation. |
| atmosphere | This part of Earth absorbs and distributes warmth. |
| Galileo Galilei | An Italian astronomer and physicist, who suspected that air was more than just empty space. |
| mass | The atmosphere is composed of matter so is has ________. |
| weight | The ________ of the atmosphere is its (mass + gravity). |
| gravity | The Earth's ________ keeps the atmosphere around Earth and prevents it from moving into space. |
| gases | Most of the atmosphere is made of different types of ________. |
| nitrogen | The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is ________. |
| nitrogen | This gas makes up 78% of the gases of Earth's atmosphere. |
| oxygen | The second most abundant gas in the atmosphere is ________. |
| oxygen | This gas makes up 21% of the gases of Earth's atmosphere. |
| clouds | In its liquid state, water is responsible for ________ and precipitation. |
| precipitation | In its liquid state, water is responsible for clouds and ________. |
| carbon dioxide | In Earth's atmosphere the gas ________ ________ absorbs heat and emits it back toward Earth's surface, helping keep Earth warm. |
| dust | Aerosols in the atmosphere include ________, salt, pollen, and liquid water. |
| salt | Aerosols in the atmosphere include dust, ________, pollen, and liquid water. |
| pollen | Aerosols in the atmosphere include dust, salt, ________, and liquid water. |
| water | Aerosols in the atmosphere include dust, salt, pollen, and liquid ________. |
| aerosols | Solids such as dust, salt, pollen, and tiny liquid droplets such as acids in the atmosphere are called ________. |
| Dust | ________ enters the atmosphere when wind blows picks up tiny soil particles off the ground or when ash is emitted from volcanoes. |
| Salt | ________ enters the atmosphere when wind blows across the oceans. |
| Pollen | ________ enters the atmosphere when it is released by plants. |
| troposphere | The five layers of the atmosphere include the __________, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and the exosphere. |
| stratosphere | The five layers of the atmosphere include the troposphere, __________, mesosphere, thermosphere, and the exosphere. |
| mesosphere | The five layers of the atmosphere include the troposphere, stratosphere, __________, thermosphere, and the exosphere. |
| thermosphere | The five layers of the atmosphere include the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, __________, and the exosphere. |
| exosphere | The five layers of the atmosphere include the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and the __________. |
| troposphere | The __________ is the atmospheric layer closest to Earth's surface. |
| weather | The troposphere contains about three fourths of the matter in Earth's entire atmosphere and nearly all of its clouds and __________. |
| clouds | The troposphere contains about three fourths of the matter in Earth's entire atmosphere and nearly all of its __________ and weather. |
| matter | The troposphere contains about three fourths of the __________ in Earth's entire atmosphere and nearly all of its clouds and weather. |
| colder | When you travel up through the troposphere the air gets __________. |
| stratosphere | In Earth's atmosphere the __________ lies above the troposphere. |
| ozone | Most atmospheric __________ is contained in the stratosphere, which absorbs much of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. |
| mesosphere | In Earth's atmosphere the __________ lies above the stratosphere. |
| mesosphere | The __________ lies between the stratosphere and the thermosphere. |
| stratosphere | The __________ lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere. |
| warmer | When you travel up through the stratosphere the air gets __________. |
| colder | As you travel up through the mesosphere the air gets __________. |
| mesosphere | The __________ is the coldest layer of Earth's atmosphere. |
| thermosphere | In Earth's atmosphere the __________ lies above the mesosphere. |
| hotter | When you travel up through the thermospere the air rapidly gets __________. |
| thermosphere | The __________ lies between the mesosphere and the exosphere. |
| ions | In the thermosphere intense interaction with the Sun's radiation atoms can become electrically charged particles called __________. |
| thermosphere | The __________ is the hottest layer of Earth's atmosphere. |
| exosphere | The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere is called the __________. |
| exosphere | In Earth's atmosphere the __________ lies above the thermosphere. |
| exosphere | The __________ lies between the thermosphere and outer space. |
| tropopause | The __________ can be found between the troposphere and the stratosphere. |
| stratopause | The __________ can be found between the stratosphere and the mesosphere. |
| mesopause | The __________ can be found between the mesosphere and the thermosphere. |
| water cycle | Water is in a constant motion in a never-ending process called the __________ __________. |
| Weather | __________ describes the current conditions of the atmosphere. |
| temperature | Factors of weather include __________, cloud cover, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, and air pressure. |
| cloud cover | Factors of weather include temperature, __________ __________, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, and air pressure. |
| wind speed | Factors of weather include temperature, cloud cover, __________ __________, wind direction, humidity, and air pressure. |
| wind direction | Factors of weather include temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, __________ __________, humidity, and air pressure. |
| humidity | Factors of weather include temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, wind direction, __________, and air pressure. |
| air pressure | Factors of weather include temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, and __________ __________. |
| Temperature | __________ measures how fast air molecules are moving. |
| high | When air molecules are moving rapidly, temperature is __________. |
| low | When air molecules are moving slowly, temperature is __________. |
| thermometer | Temperature is measured with a __________. |
| Celsius | In science, thermometers with the __________ scale are used. |
| conduction | In the process of __________ fast-moving molecules transfer energy to slower-moving molecules when the bump into each other. |
| convection | In the process of __________ warm air rise, cools, and then sinks back down to the Earth's surface where it will warm up again creating a circular current of air. |
| pressure | The air in our atmosphere exerts a __________ on all living and nonliving things on the surface of the Earth. |
| decreases | Air pressure __________ as you travel up through the atmosphere. |
| sea level | Air pressure is highest at __________ __________ on the Earth's surface. |
| low | Areas of __________ pressure occurs when warm air rises. |
| high | Areas of __________ pressure occurs when cold air sinks. |
| humidity | The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is called __________. |
| Relative humidity | __________ __________ is a measure of the amount of water vapor that is present compared to the amount that could be held at a specific temperature. |
| dew point | The temperature in which air is holding as much water vapor as it can. |
| Clouds | __________ form when warm air rises, cools to its dew point, and becomes saturated. |
| altitude | Clouds commonly are classified according to the _________ at which they begin to form. |
| Low | __________ clouds form below 2,000 meters. |
| cumulus | A type of low cloud called __________ clouds are puffy clouds that form when air currents rise, carrying moisture with them. |
| stratus | A type of low cloud called __________ clouds are dull, gray sheets that can cover the entire sky. |
| nimbostratus | A type of low cloud called __________ clouds form low, dark, thick layers that blot out the Sun. |
| Fog | __________ is a type of stratus cloud that comes in contact with the surface of the Earth. |
| Middle | __________ clouds form between 2,000 meters and 8,000 meters. |
| alto | Middle clouds often that the prefix __________. |
| altostratus | Middle clouds include __________ and altocumulus. |
| altocumulus | Middle clouds include altostratus and __________. |
| High | __________ clouds form above 8,000 meters. |
| cirrus | A type of high cloud called __________ clouds are light, wispy, high-level clouds. |
| cirruostratus | A type of high cloud called __________ clouds are high, layered clouds that sometimes cover the entire sky. |
| Vertical | __________ clouds extend vertically throughout all levels of the atmosphere. |
| cumulonimbus | A type of vertical cloud called __________ clouds create the heaviest types of precipitation. |
| thunderstorm | A cumulonimbus cloud is better known as a __________ cloud. |
| precipitation | When drops of water or ice crystals become to large to be suspended in a cloud, they fall to Earth as __________. |
| rain | Precipitation can be in the form of __________, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail. |
| freezing rain | Precipitation can be in the form of rain, __________ __________, sleet, snow, or hail. |
| sleet | Precipitation can be in the form of rain, freezing rain, __________, snow, or hail. |
| snow | Precipitation can be in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, __________, or hail. |
| hail | Precipitation can be in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or __________. |
| Coriolis effect | A process called the __________ __________ occurs because the Earth rotates deflecting moving air to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere. |
| trade winds | The __________ __________ winds blow east to west from the equator to 30 degrees latitude in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. |
| prevailing westerlies | The __________ __________ blow west to east from 30 degrees to 60 degrees latitude in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. |
| polar easterlies | The __________ __________ blow east to west from 60 degrees to 90 degrees latitude in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. |
| jet streams | Giant rivers of air that form within the zone of the prevailing westerlies are called __________ __________. |
| weather systems | Jet streams are important because __________ __________ move along their paths. |
| air mass | An __________ __________ is a large body of air that develops over a particular region of Earth's surface. |
| characteristics | A mass of air that remains over a region for a few days acquires the __________ of the area over which it occurs. |
| ocean | A mass of air that develops over the __________ near the poles is going to be cool and moist. |
| continent | A mass of air that develops over a __________ near the poles is going to be cold and dry. |
| ocean | A mass of air that develops over the __________ near the equator is going to be warm and moist. |
| continent | A mass of air that develops over the __________ near the equator is going to be warm and dry. |
| moist | A mass of air that develops over the ocean near the poles is going to be cold and __________. |
| dry | A mass of air that develops over a continent near the poles is going to be cold and __________. |
| moist | A mass of air that develops over the ocean near the equator is going to be warm and __________. |
| dry | A mass of air that develops over a continent near the equator is going to be warm and __________. |
| front | Where air masses of different temperature meet, a boundary between then forms called a __________. |
| cold | A __________ front forms when a cold air mass advances and pushes under a warm air mass. |
| warm | A __________ front forms when warm sir is advancing into a region of colder air. |
| stationary | A __________ front forms when a cold air mass and a warm air mass meet but neither advances. |
| occluded | An __________ front forms when a fast-moving cold front overtakes a slower warm front. The cold front will advance into the previous cold cold air mass forcing the warm front to rise above both cold air masses. |
| thunder | In a thunderstorm when sound is produced due to the rapid expansion and contraction of air the sound heard is called __________. |
| lightning | This is an electrical discharge due to the attraction between the negatively charged particles in a thundercloud and the positively charged particles of Earth's surface. |
| thunder | Lightning causes __________. This is why you always see lightning first. |
| tornadoes | Violent, whirling winds that move in a narrow path over land and are produced by thunderstorms are called __________. |
| EF-0 | The weakest tornadoes are called __________ tornadoes. |
| EF-5 | The strongest tornadoes are called __________ tornadoes. |
| hurricane | A __________ is a large storm that begins as an area of low pressure over tropical oceans. |
| counterclockwise | In the Northern hemisphere winds in a hurricane blow __________ due to the Coriolis effect. |
| eye | The calmest part of a hurricane is called the __________. |
| eye wall | The part of a hurricane that has the strongest winds is called the __________ __________. |
| storm surge | The most dangerous part of a hurricane is called __________ __________. |
| storm surge | __________ __________ occurs when a hurricane pushes in a wall of water from the ocean. |
| National Weather Service | In the United States, the __________ __________ __________ carefully monitors weather. |
| NOAA | The abbreviation for the National Weather Service is __________. |
| stationary front | What type of front is in picture "B" ? |
| cold front | What type of front is in picture "C" ? |
| warm front | What type of front is in picture "D" ? |
| occluded front | What type of front is in picture "E" ? |
| cold front | What does the weather symbol in picture "F" stand for? |
| warm front | What does the weather symbol in picture "G" stand for? |
| stationary front | What does the weather symbol in picture "H" stand for? |
| occluded front | What does the weather symbol in picture "I" stand for? |
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