Chapter 4: Inside the Cell
About this set
Created by:
jaallen918 on January 13, 2012
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cytoplasm | semifluid substance inside cell |
| cell theory | concept that all organisms are composed of cells and that cells come only from preexisting cells |
| prokaryotic cells | cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus circular chromosomes |
| eukaryotic cell | has nucleus that houses its DNA larger linear chromosomes membrane enclosed organelles |
| cell wall | maintains shape of cell |
| capsule | protective layer of polysaccharides lying outside cell wall |
| nucleoid | DNA of a bacterium is located in a single circular, coiled chromosome that resides in a region called this |
| ribosomes | proteins specified by bacterial DNA are synthesized on these tiny structures made of RNA and protein free in cytosol or bound to endoplasmic reticulum |
| flagella | tail-like appendages that allow bacteria to propel themselves |
| fimbriae | small bristle-like fibers that sprout from the cell surface |
| conjungation pili | rigid tubular structures that bacteria use to pass DNA from cell to cell |
| channel proteins | form a tunnel across entire membrane, allowing only one or a few types of specific molecules to simply move across the membrane |
| transport proteins | also involved in passage of molecules and ions through the membrane, often combine with a substance and help it move across the membrane with an input of energy |
| cell recognition proteins | glycoproteins that enable our body to distinguish between our own cells and the cells of other organisms, without this distinction, pathogens would be able to freely invade the body |
| receptor proteins | has a shape that allows a specific molecule, called a signal molecule, to bind to it. the binding causes the receptor protein to change its shape and thereby bring about a cellular response |
| enzymatic proteins | directly participate in metabolic reactions |
| junction proteins | assist cell-to-cell adhesion and communication |
| nucleus | houses DNA |
| organelles | compartmentalized and small structures that have different functions |
| transport vesicles | small, membranous sacs that isolate the products form the cytoplasm |
| cytoskeleton | a lattice protein filaments and tubules that maintains the shape of the cell and assists in the movement of organelles |
| chromatin | housed within semifluid nucleoplasm, it looks grainy but actually is a network of strands. before a cell divides, it condenses and coils into rod-like structures called chromosomes |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane of phospholipids |
| nuclear pores | are of sufficient size to permit the passage of ribosomal subunits and mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm as well as the passage of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | organelle of the endomembrane system, synthesizes polypeptides, attached ribosomes |
| endomembrane system | consists of nuclear envelope, membranes of the ER, golgi apparatus, and vesicles |
| smooth ER | produces testosterone and in liver helps detoxify drugs |
| golgi apparatus | transfer station |
| secretion | discharging of contents |
| lysosomes | vesicles produced by golgi that digest molecules and even portions of cell itself |
| vacuoles | large membranous sacs, store substances such as nutrients or ions |
| chloroplasts | use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates (photosynthesis) |
| mitochondria | break down carbohydrates double membrane matrix (like cytoplasm or stroma) circular DNA location of respiration |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | serves as carrier of energy in cells |
| stroma | contains a concentrated mixture of enzymes and disc-like sacs called thylakoids |
| thylakoids | are formed from the third membrane |
| granum | a stack of thylakoids |
| cristae | inner membrane of mitochondria convoluted into folds |
| matrix | contains a highly concentrated mixture of enzymes that assists the breakdown of carbohydrates and other nutrient molecules |
| cellular respiration | complete breakdown of carbohydrates, which also involves the cytoplasm, is called this because oxygen is needed and carbon dioxide is given off |
| motor proteins | allow the cell and its organelles to move myosin-attaches to actin filaments and pulls fiilaments along. requires ATP kinesin & dynein- attaches to microtubules and "walk" along them (cillia and flagella motion) |
| microtubules | small hollow cylinders composed of 13 long chains of tubulin dimers |
| centrosome | a microtubule organizing center which lies near the nucleus ( has two centrioles) |
| actin filament | consists of two chains of globular actin monomers twisted about one another in a helical manner to form a long filament |
| centrioles | short cylinders with a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubule triplets, that is nine sets of triplets occur in a ring and none are in the middle of the cyliinder |
| cilia and flagella | hair-like projections that can either move stiffly, like an oar, or undulate like a whip |
| plasmodesmata | numerous narrow, membrane-lined channels that pass through the cell wall |
| extracellular matrix | is a meshwork of fibrous proteins and polysaccharides in close association with the cell that produced them |
| adhesion junction | internal cytoplasmic plaques, firmly attached to the cytoskeleton within each cell, are joined by intercellular filaments |
| tight junctions | plasma membrane proteins actually attach to each other, producing a zipper like fastening |
| gap junction | allows cells to communicate |
| plasma membrane | defines inside vs outside phospholipid bilayer: waterproof |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.