| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Sumerians | The founders of ancient Mesopotamian civilization |
| they made irrigation possible | The Tigris and Euphrates rivers were important to Mesopotamians because |
| temple of worship | The Mesopotamian ziggurat was a |
| uses pictures of material objects to form meanings | Pictographs are a form of writing that |
| the creators of people and the universe | Mesopotamians considered their gods to be |
| details of death and the afterlife | The Epic of Gilgamesh deals with the |
| ordered punishments in accord with the social rank of the offender | The law code of King Hammurabi |
| a monarchy succeeded the rule of priests | In Sumerian and later government in Mesopotamia |
| being a prisoner of war or in debt | Becoming enslaved in Mesopotamia was most often the result of what |
| an environmental change | A major reason for the decline of Mesopotamia in importance after the Persian conquests seems to have been |
| Assyrians | The people who conquered the Semites of the Tigris valley in the 8th century were |
| effective military organization | the key to Assyrian success in empire building was |
| a coalition of their enemies led by the Babylonians | the overthrow of the Assyrians was accomplished by |
| phonetic alphabet | The outstanding contribution of the Phoenicians to world history was the |
| Cyrus | the creator of the Persian empire was |
| Sumerian, Hittite, Assyrian, Persian | chronological sequence of empires |
| Saul | The first king of the Hebrew kingdom founded after the Exodus was |
| was given to Moses during the Exodus from Egypt | The covenant of the hebrews with their god Yahweh |
| finding a political leader who would assert Jewish supremacy | belief in the messiah among Jews of the first century BCE was focused on |
| link between the merciful deity and humans ethical conduct on Earth | the critical new factor in the jews vision of god that had developed by the first century CE was the |
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