1.
Applied Research: scientific study that aims to solve practical problems. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 013)
2.
Basic Research: pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 012)
3.
Biopsychosocial Approach: an integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 010)
4.
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow: Pioneers of humanistic psychology
5.
Clinical Psychologists: Psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems.
6.
Counseling Psychologists: Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.
7.
Empiricism: the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 003)
8.
Freud: Psychologist who developed psychoanalysis, a method of probing the unconscious mind, frequently by analyzing dreams. He believed that humans were driven by unconscious pleasure-seeking forces.
9.
Functionalism: a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 005)
10.
Hindsight Bias: the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.) (Myers Psychology 8e p. 020)
11.
Humanistic Psychology: historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 007)
12.
Natural Selection: the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 108)
13.
Nature-Nurture: the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions of genes and experience to the development of psychological traits and behaviors (Myers Psychology 8e p.12)
14.
Pavlov: developed understanding of classical conditioning, working with dogs
15.
Piaget: Swiss psychologist remembered for his studies of cognitive development in children (1896-1980)
16.
Psychiatrists: Medical doctors who have completed special training in the treatment of psychological disorders.
17.
Psychology: the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 002)
18.
Structuralism: an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 004)
19.
Watson and Skinner: fathers of behaviorism
20.
William James: founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment
