| Term | Definition |
|---|
| ACTION THEORY | et perspektiv innenfor prosess tilnærmingen hvor fokuset ligger på individenes strategier for å oppnå og opprettholde makt. |
| ARENA | often used to delimit a small area within the political field in which competition between a few individuals or factions takes place (process and action). |
| BAND | the least complex level of sociocultural integration, associated with hunting-gathering societies. characterized by small, fluis groups; egalitariansim; informal leadership; and bilateral kinship. |
| BIVOCAL SYMBOLISM | Cohen: all true symbols serve both existential and political ends, they are felt in a deeply personal way, and at the same time maintain political continuity through reaffirming common myths and values |
| CARGO CULT | a type of revitalization movement that seeks to gaim access to Western trade goods(cargo) by supernatural means |
| CHIEFDOM | the least complex form of sentralized political system, usuallt found in cultures that base their subsistence on extensive agriculture or intensive fishing. characterized by a ranking of individuals/lineages, inheritance of power within a dominant lineage, maintenance of power through redistribution of wealth by a charismatic chief. |
| COMPLEMENTARY OPPOSITION | a system in which groups that are antagonistic at one level will unite at another level to counter a military threat. |
| CONSENSUAL POWER | leadership that derives from the assent of the people, rather than force alone. this assent may be based on tradition, respect for an office, faith in the personal qualities of a leader. |
| CORPORATISM | a model of the state in which the government functions through a limited number of monopolistic interest groups. |
| CULTURAL CAPITAL | Bourdieu:anything that can be used in competitive struggles for status. ex; college degrees, professional licenses, artistic talent and the paintings produced by that talent, social skills osv. |
| DEPENDENCY THEORY | a broad paradigm that views the underdevelopement of the Third World as a result of the capitalist expansion of the First world. puts the emphasis on external factors of underdevelopement. |
| DEPENDENT POWER | power that is granted, allocated, or delegated by someone who holds independent power. |
| DIACHRONIC STUDY | an analysis of a society "in time" > in a historical or evolutionary context. |
| DISCOURSE | a complex unit of analysis used in different ways by Foucault. Roughly a system of knowledge that determines the limits of thinking, perceiving, speaking, or acting for a particular group or within a particular historical period. the discourse contains the rules for designating a statement true or false. |
| ENVIRONMENTAL CIRCUMSCRIPTION | a theory by R. Carniero: primary states arose when population growth and other pressures within areas bounded by mountains or desert forced increasingly commplex modes of political and social organization. |
| ETHNICITY | "a self conscious identity that substantializes and naturalizes one or more attributes (skin color, language, religion, territory) and attaches them to collectivities as their innate possession and myth-historical legacy" |
| FACTIONS | informal, leader-follower political groups organized for a particular purpose and disbanding when that purpose is accomplished or defeated- |
| FIELD | the basic unit of study in the process approach. previous researchers tended to focus on a defined group (tribe/community); a field may cross the boundaries of different groups and may change over time. |
| FIELD (GAME THEORY) | an area in which rival political structures interact, but without agreed-upon rules between them. |
| FIELD (BOURDIEU) | an area of competitive struggle over a particular type of cultural capital. |
| GAME THEORY | F.G.Bailey: seek to discover the normative rules and pragmatic rules of political manipulation. politics is viewed as a game composed by "teams" competing for "prizes". |
| GENDER | the culturally constructed aspect of sexual identity |
| GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY | a complex paradigm for the social sciences originally derived form cybernetics and biology. systems are viewed as adapting to changes in their internal and external environments through feedback mechanisms. (useful in explaining the rise of primary states). |
| GLOBALIZATION | the increasing flow of trade, finance, culture, ideas, and people brought about by the sophisticated technology of communications and travel, and by the worldwide spread of neoliberal capitalism. ant. also include: the local-level resistances and adaptations to these processes. |
| HABITUS | Bourdieu: the largely unconscious internalization of the objective norms and rules of society that suggests how we might act within any given situation. |
| HYBRIDITY | a syncretism or compartmentalization of different cultural traits in self-identity or social identity. |
| INDEPENDENT POWER | a relation of dominance based on direct capabilities of an individual such as knowledge, skills, or personal charisma. in centralized societies, such power may attach to a particular office > king |
| TRIBE | a loosely defined term used to denote a wide range of social organizations that excist between hunting-gathering bands and centralized systems. characterized by horticulture/pastoralism, charismatic leadership, unilineal kinship, and pantribal sodalities. |
| STATE | the most complex level of political integration. found in societies whose subsistence is based on intensive agriculture, and characterized by leadership centered in an individual or elite group supported by a bureaucracy, suprakinship loyalties, class structure anf economic redistribution based on tribute or taxation. |
| SECONDARY STATES | abt state that came into excistence through the influenze of preexisting states. |
Combine with other sets
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