CVCA Cell Cycle
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Created by:
rpykare on January 15, 2012
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Description:
Terms and information from Chapter 3 section 5 covering the Cell Cycle in general and Interphase in specific.
Classes:
CVCA Friends, CVCA Science 7 Period 1, CVCA Science 7 Period 2, CVCA Science 7 Period 8, CVCA Science 7 Period 9
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell Cycle | Process that cells go through over and over in which they increase in size and in number that allows an organism to grow bigger. |
| Growth | The process that cells go through to increase the size of the cell. |
| Interphase | The first stage of the Cell Cycle; A cell will grow larger, produce needed organelles, Replicate DNA, and produce structures needed for a cell to divide. |
| Chromatin | Thin strands of DNA that holds instructions for all cellular activities; The form DNA takes when it is actively directing the cell. |
| DNA | Nucleic Acids that are the genetic material;Directs all cell activity and is passed from parent to offspring. |
| Organelle | A tiny structure in the cell that caries out a specific funtion for the cell that helps the cell work properly. |
| Replication | Process that DNA goes through to make an exact copy of itself in the nucleus;Happens during Interphase |
| Spindle Fibers | Small thin tubes, made during Interphase, that attach to chromosomes and move them around during mitosis. |
| Centrioles | A set of cylinder shaped structures, that are copied during Interphase, used during Mitosis to anchor Spindle Fibers. |
| Daughter Cells | New identical cells created as a result of one cell undergoing cellular division. |
| Mitosis | Second stage of Cell Cycle;The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell. |
| Prophase | First phase of Mitosis;Chromosomes form, Centrioles go to opposite ends of cell, Spindle Fibers form a bridge across cell, and Nuclear Envelope disappears. |
| Metaphase | Second phase of Mitosis;Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell, each Chromosome attaches to a Spindle Fiber. |
| Anaphase | Third phase of Mitosis;Centromeres divide which separates the Chromatids, new Chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell, and the cell elongates. |
| Telophase | Fourth phase of Mitosis; Chromosomes change back into Chromatin, new Nuclear Envelope forms around each set of Chromosomes; and cell membrane pinches inward. |
| Chromosome | Double rod of condensed chromatin. |
| Chromatid | One rod of strand of a chromosome it is an exact copy of the other chromatid in the chromosome.;Two chromatids make up one chromosome |
| Centromere | Small structure that holds the two chromatids of a chromosome together; It will divide when it is time for the chromatids to separate. |
| Vesicles | Pockets of cell wall/membrane material that fuse together down the center of a plant cell to form the cell plate |
| Helicase | Enzyme that unwinds and separates the DNA molecule during replication. |
| Cytoplasm | Gel like fluid that is in constant motion an fills the cell; organelles are found here. |
| Cytokinesis | The third and final stage of the cell cycle in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells. |
| Cell Plate | Vesicle like material that develops in the middle of two dividing daughter cells that will become two different cell membranes; one for each daughter cell. |
| DNA | Genetic material that looks like twisted ladder which is made up of alternating molecules of deoxyribose and phosphates on the sides and paired nitrogen bases as the "rungs". |
| Deoxyribose | The sugar molecule that makes up part of the sides of a DNA molecule. |
| Phosphate | Molecules of a chemical that help make up the sides of the DNA molecule;alternates on the sides with deoxyribose. |
| Double Helix | The scientific name for the twisted ladder structure of the DNA molecule. |
| Nitrogen Bases | Molecules that contain the element nitrogen along with other elements which pair up and connect to form the "rungs" of the DNA molecule. |
| Rosalind Franklin | In 1952, first to use X-Rays to photograph the DNA molecule. |
| Watson and Crick | Scientists who figured out the structure of DNA. |
| Adenine | A nitrogen base that makes up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder;Pairs with Thymine |
| Guanine | A nitrogen base that makes up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder;Pairs with cytosine |
| Thymine | A nitrogen base that makes up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder;Pairs with Adenine |
| Cytosine | A nitrogen base that makes up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder;Pairs with Guanine |
| Cleavage Furrow | A groove formed in the cell membrane of an animal cell going through cytokinesis;It will deepen as fibers contract ,until the cell is split into two cells. |
| Nucleotide | A nitrogen base bonded to a deoxyribose and a phosphate molecule. |
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