1.
Act of Tolerance: law passed in 1649 to probide religious freedom for Christians, not Jews
2.
Albany Congress: meeting of 7 colonies to ask Iroquois for their help to unite a common defense
3.
Albany Plan of Union: grand council made by Benjamin Franklin
4.
Anne Hutchinson: Puritan who made mistake by saying God spoke to her; she got kicked out of Massachusetts Bay and fleed to Rhode Island
5.
Bacon's Rebellion: when angry settler raided Indian land in 1676 because of corruption in gov't
6.
Battle of Long Island: British vs Continental Army in long Island on August 1776. British led by Gen. Howe sailed into NY and challenged Americans in battle. 1400 Americans killed, wounded, or captured and British won the battle
7.
Battle of Quebec: last battle of war won by England
8.
Bernardo de Galvez: from Spain. Secretly supplied medicine, cloth, muskets, and powder to Americans
9.
Bill of Rights: written list of freedomms the gov't promised to protect
10.
boycott: form of protest in which certain goods a not bought
11.
Braddock's Defeat: Gen. Braddock (British) was ambushed while trying to take back Fort Duquesne
12.
British Regular: British army sent by colonies to defeat Continental Army
13.
Captain John Smith: helped Jamestown recover by making rules
14.
cash crop: crops traded and sold for money
15.
Casmir Pulaski: from Poland. Trained troops on horseback
16.
charter: legal document giving certain rights to a person or company
17.
committee of correspondence: colonists who wrote letters to other colonists to inform them and unite them against England
18.
Common Sense: propaganda pamphlet by Thomas Paine telling others to break away from England
19.
conservative: little or no change in colonists' attitudes
20.
Constitution: plan of government
21.
Continental Army: official army set up by Second Continental Congress left homes to fight British
22.
Crusades: holy wars
23.
Daniel Shays: started Shay's Rebellion
24.
Daughters of Liberty: female patriots who formed secret clubs to unite forces against England
25.
debtors: people who owed money they could not pay back
26.
Declaration of Independence: signed by 56 men on July 4 1776, which stated that colonists were free from England. War still went on, and England didnt accept this declaration. Signers commited treason
27.
depression: time when business slows down, prices and wages fall, and unemployment rate rises
28.
established church: chosen religion in England
29.
First Continental Congress: meeting of delegates of 12 colonies' reaction to Intolerable Acts
30.
first leg: New England gave lumber, fish, etc.. to West Indies
31.
Freidrich von Steuben: from Prussia, Germany. Taught soldiers skills and drills at Valley Forge
32.
fundamental Orders of Connecticut: created a similar government to that of massachusetts but all men could vote and governor had limited power
33.
gentry: highest class, top of society status
34.
Georgia: founded by Oglethorpe for debtors to start fresh life
35.
Great Awakening: emotional religious movement led by George Whitefield in 1730's
36.
Great Migration: when many people between 1629 and 1640 settled into Massachusetts Bay colony
37.
Great Wagon Trail: trailthat settlers followed to go to the backcountry
38.
Hessians: German soldiers hired by King George III to fight Continental Army
39.
House of Burgesses: first representative Legislature in the colonies
40.
imperialism: when one country controls a territory
41.
indentured servants: men and women who entered into a contract to work for 7 years in exchange for passage to colonies
42.
indigo: plant with valuable blue dye
43.
James Oglethorpe: founded Georgia in 1732
44.
jamestown: virginia
45.
John Rolfe: colonist who restored peace between English settlers and Indians by marrying Powhatten's daughter, Pocahontes
46.
John Winthrop: first governor of Massachusetts Bay
47.
King Charles: king in 1625 who cancelled Puritan charters and disapproved of Puritans and their ideas
48.
King Charles II: King of England who gave New Netherlands to his brother the Duke of York and named it after his brother
49.
King John: signed Magna Carta
50.
land of ordinance of 1785: system for settling in Northwest Territory
51.
legislature: group of people who have the power to make laws
52.
Lord Baltimore: founder of Maryland
53.
Magna Carta: document that stated that the king cannot raise taxes without a meeting with e Grand Council
54.
Marquis de Lafayette: from France. Brought trained soldiers to the US and became one of Washington's assistant
55.
Maryland: founded by Lord Baltimore for religious purposes
56.
Massachusetts Bay: founded by John Winthrop for religious freedom
57.
Mayflower Compact: framework written by Pilgrims to establish a government
58.
mercantilism: belief that colonies were made for the benefit of the mother country
59.
middle colonies: had navigational rivers, large farms, traded, and had grain
60.
middle passage: longest leg of Triangular Trade in which slaves from Africa were traded
61.
militia: group of Patriots who agreed to defend their town if the fighting came to their area
62.
minutemen: farmers who were ready to fight at a minute's notice
63.
moderate: some changed attitudes, peaceful attitudes
64.
Nathan Hale: Patriot spy who said "I only regret losing one life for my country"
65.
Nathaniel Bacon: started Bacon's Rebellion
66.
Nathaniel Greene: quartermaster general who brought supplies to soldiers in Continental Army
67.
nationalism: devotion to one's nation
68.
Navigation Acts: forced colonists to trade only with Britian and its possessions (13 colonies). Colonists protested by smuggling
69.
New England colonies: had rocky soil, shipbuilding, fishing, lumber, dried fish, rum, and trade
70.
New Netherlands: founded by the Dutch for religious purposes or trade in furs
71.
North Carolina: settlers settled here for farming and trade
72.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787: set up government for Northwest Territory
73.
Northwest Passage: water route through North America to Asia
74.
Olive Branch Petition: petition made to make King George III cancel Intolerable Acts
75.
Patroon: owner of huge estates
76.
Paul Revere: midnight rider, made engraving of Boston massacre
77.
Pennsylvania: founded by William Penn for religious purposes
78.
Pennsylvania Dutch: Germans who moved to Pennsylvania
79.
persecution: mistreatment or punishment of certain people because of their beliefs
80.
Peter Stuyvesant: governor of New Netherlands who failed to defend New Netherlands
81.
Plymouth: founded by Pilgrims to secure freedom from persecution
82.
powhatten: helped smith provide corn for Jamestown citizens
83.
Proclamation of 1763: banned white settlement west of Appalachian Mountains
84.
propaganda: way of expressing feelings through literature to gain support for one side
85.
proprietary colony: colony owned by someone other than the king
86.
Puritans: hoped to reform England by introducing simpler forma of worship
87.
Quakers: believed that all people were equal to God's sight
88.
Quartering Act of 1765: forced colonists to provide supplies and shelter for British troops
89.
racism: believing that one group is superior to another because of their race
90.
radical: immediate, complete change to future, from peaceful to violent
91.
religious tolerance: willingness to let others practice their own belief
92.
Repeal: to withdraw, as in a law
93.
representative government: voters elect representatives to make laws for them
94.
Rhode Island: founded by Roger Williams for religious tolerance
95.
roanoke: first english colony that was "lost" after war with spain
96.
Roger Williams: believed that Massachusetts Bay was too forceful about religion and got kicked out, fleeing to Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island)
97.
Royal Charter: gave the Virginia Company the right to settle lands between North Carolina and the Potamac River and said all citizens of this land called Virginia would have the same rightsas English citizens
98.
royal colony: colony under direct control of England
99.
Second Continental Congress: appointed George Washington as leader of Continental Army
100.
second leg: New England gives rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to West Africa
101.
Shay's Rebellion: when farmers revolted againnst Articles of Confederation because they couldn't pay their loans
102.
slave code: treated slaves as property, not human beings
103.
Sons of Liberty: male Patriots who formed secret clubs to unite forces against England
104.
Southern colonies: had tobacco, indigo, rice, and plantations
105.
Squanto: Wamponoag who helped Pilgrims by giving them food, showing them how to plant, and teaching them how to catch eels
106.
Stamp Act of 1765: imposed tax on goods bought and sold within colonies
107.
Sugar Act of 1764: tax on imported goods to prevent smuggling foreign products
108.
terrorism: use of violence to express opinions about unhappiness to King George III
109.
The Crisis: pamphlet by Thomas Paine written to encourage Continental Army to hang in there
110.
third leg: Africa gives slaves to West Indies
111.
Thomas Hooker: Puritan who built a town in Connecticut called Hartford
112.
Thomas Paine: Patriot who used his gift of writing to try persuading others to join to fight for freedom
113.
tobacco: grown in Jamestown to make a profit
114.
tory: colonists who were loyal to England and its rule
115.
town meeting: where settlers discussed and voted on many issues
116.
Townshed Act of 1767: imposed new imported tax in glass, lead, paper, and tea
117.
treason: crime punishable by death
118.
Treaty of Paris of 1763: marked end of French and Indian War
119.
Treaty of Paris of 1783: US was independent country
120.
triangular trade: colonial trade route between New England, Africa, and West Indies in which rum, slaves, and lumber were traded
121.
William Bradford: first governor of Plymouth who helped the colony survive
122.
William Penn: Quaker who founded Pennsylvania in 1681
123.
Writs of Assistance: gave British officials the right to search colonial homes for smuggled goods
