Biology Chapter 6
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Created by:
ReillyLouko21 on January 15, 2012
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| trait | a characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring |
| purebred | a plant or organism that receives the same genetic traits from both of its parents. |
| hybrid | an organism that receives different forms of a genetic trait from each parent |
| Genes | sections of a chromosome that code for a trait |
| allele | a distinct form of a gene |
| dominant allele | a form of a gene that is fully expressed when two different alleles are present |
| recessive allele | a form of a gene that is not expressed when paired with a dominant allele |
| Chromosome theory of heredity | states that the material of inheritance is carried by the genes in chromosomes |
| genotype | the genetic make up of an organism |
| phenotype | The outward expression of the trait in an organism |
| homozygous | an organism in which the two alleles in a gene pair are identical |
| heterozygous | an organism in which the two alleles for a particular trait are different |
| Punnett square | a grid for organizing genetic information |
| test cross | when geneticists breed the organism whose genotype is unknown with a homozygous recessive organism |
| pedigree | a chart that shows how a trait and the genes that control it are inherited within a family |
| carrier | an individual who carries a recessive trait that is not expressed |
| incomplete dominance | When two different alleles for the same trait combine but neither allele "wins" expression over the other, the offspring have a form of intermediate inheritance |
| codominance | both alleles in the heterozygote express themselves fully |
| Polygenic trait | a trait controlled by two or more genes |
| multiple alleles | if three or more alleles are found in the population |
| Pleiotropy | When a single gene affects more than one trait |
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