Chapter 2 & 3 + Ch. 6; Mitosis and Meiosis
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moognafishjapan on January 15, 2012
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Meiosis | Produces haploid (half) cells because sperm and egg are half. When they combine they make a zygote which in total is 46 chromosomes. Sperm cell initially 23 Egg cell initially 23 |
| Meiosis | Has 9 stages |
| Mitosis | Production of autosomes/soma cell |
| Mitosis | Has 5 phases |
| Covalent bond | Involves shared electrons |
| Prophase | Spindle fibers form and nucleus diasppears |
| Atom | Simplest part of an element |
| Reduction | Gain of an electron |
| Compound | A substance composed of two or more elements |
| Molecule | Simplest part of a substance that can exist in a free state. |
| Ionic Bond | Involves transferred electrons |
| Oxidation | Loss of an electron |
| Element | Substance that can't be broken down |
| Nucleotide | Sugar, base, phosphate; Monomer of nucleic acids |
| Hydrolysis | Breaks large molecules into smaller ones |
| Steroid | Lipid not composed of fatty acids or amino acids |
| Amino Acid | Monomer of proteins; smallest form of protein |
| Condensation Reaction | Forms large molecules from smaller ones |
| Glucose | Monomer of many polysaccharides |
| Wax | Fatty acid linked to alcohol chain |
| Fatty Acid | Component of many lipids |
| Functional group | Influences the characteristics of molecules |
| Tri-Phosphate | ATP has 3 phosphates; it's called a__________. |
| Autotroph | Is photosynthesis an autotroph (make own food) or a heterotroph (must consume food)? |
| Thykaloids | Flattened membrane sacks |
| Cellular respiration | Catabolic process where complex organic molecules are broken down to release energy for other cellular processes |
| Stroma | Solution surrounding thykaloids |
| Cellular respiration | Process which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds |
| Glycolysis | A biochemical pathway that begins cellular respiration which yields a small amount of ATP. A pathway where one 6 carbons molecule of glucose is oxidized to two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid |
| Chemiosmosis | Synthesis of ATP through light reaction |
| Synthase | Makes ATP by adding a phosphate group to ADP |
| Grana | Layered stacks of thykaloids |
| Fermentation | Combination of glycolysis pluss ADDL pathways. Absence of O2, some cells convert pyruvic acid into other compounds in the cytosol. They generate NAD+, whichi s used to keep glycolysis making more ATP. Two common fermentation pathways produce lactic acid and ethyl alcohol. |
| Lactic acid and fermentation | Enzyme converse pyruvic acid into antoher 3-carbon compound |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | Some plants and unicellular cells, such as yeast, convert pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol. |
| Electron Transport Chain | Second stage of aerobic respiration. Occurs in innner membrane of mitochondria. ATP is produced when NADH and FADH2 release H+ atoms |
| Krebs Cycle | Biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl coA to produce Co2, H+ atoms and ATP. |
| Mitochondria | Transfers energy to ATP |
| Light microscope | 400 times enlarged |
| Electron microscope | 2,000 times enlarged; shows contours of individual atoms. |
| Transmission Electron Microscope | 200,000 times enlarged; transmits a beam through thinly sliced specimen |
| Scanning Electron Microscope | 100,000 times enlarged; 3D image |
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