| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Isaac Newton | during a closure of Cambridge during 1665-1666 bc of the plague, invented the integral and differential calculus, developed the binomial theorem, started fundamental work on optics, formulated his laws of motion and gravitation |
| Newton's Synthesis | The Principia is one of the most important books in history: Laid the foundations of modern physics, swept away the last vestiges of the Aristotelian view of the world, replaced older, empirical descriptions with quantifiable, physical explanations of teh nature of the world, unified ALL motions into three simple laws |
| Newtons 1st law | every body will stay in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless that state is changed by forces impressed upon it, often called the law of inertia |
| inertia | property of matter that it resists having its state of motion changed |
| speed | how fast its going |
| direction | where its going |
| velocity | all motion comprised of two parts, speed and direction, combination is call this=how fast and in what direction |
| acceleration | changes in motion, measures how fast the velocity changes, change can be in speed,direction or both (does not have to always get faster, can be slowing down too) |
| Newtons 2nd law | the size of accleration is directly proportional to the force applied, and inversely proportional to the mass of the body (the resulting acceleration is in the same direction as the applied force) a=f/m, or f=ma, quantifies force in terms of its effects on a massive body |
| accelerations | forces produce |
| more mass | the ______ a body has, the less it can be accelerated by a given force |
| Newtons laws applied to planetary motion | planets are continually changing the speed and direction as they orbit the sun, move along ellipses with sun at one focus, fastest at perihelion, slowest at aphelion, |
| accelerating in response to force of gravity | why does the speed and direction of planets change continually? -They are |
| Newtons 3rd law | for every force applied to a body, there is an equal and oppositely directed force exerted in response |
| newton's laws of motion | provide a complete, quantitative explanation of the motions of objects, are simple & easily stated in words/mathematics, they are universal physical laws applicable to all objects on the earth or in the heavens, they unify phenomena, explaining all motions with the same set of self-consistent laws |
| the calculus | the full statement of the laws required the invention of a new mathematical language, independtly invented by newton and Leibnitz, the mathematics of change, gives us a way to describe the change in the velocity of a moving object with time, sets geometry into motion, provides a framework for exploring motion |
| law of falling bodies | in the absence of air, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same, constant rate of acceleration |
| attractive force | gravity is an ________, works to bring massive objects closer together |
| universal force | gravity is a _______, works everywhere in the Universe |
| mutual force | gravity is a _______, works between pairs of massive objects |
| masses, distance | the force of gravity between any two objects depends only upon the ______of the two objects, and the ________ between them |
| more massive | _____ objects exert a stronger force of gravity |
| stronger | the force of gravity gets ______ as they move closer |
| weaker | the force of gravity gets ______ as they move apart |
| the force of gravity | does not depend on the shapes, colors, or compositions of the objects |
| the law of universal gravitation | the force of gravitational attraction between any two massive bodies is proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers, in math: force of gravity= (Gravitational Force Constant x mass of first object x mass of second object)/(distance between their centers squared) |
| the gravitational force constant | G=(6.7 x 10^-11 Newtons meter ^2)/(kilograms^2) |
| Newtons | the metric of force, 4.41 of them equal 1 pound |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace