Study Guide Part 1: Sponges
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 zooxanthellae | dinoflagellates that live in animal tissues, provide food to some organisms |
| vertebrates | Animals that have a backbone |
| invertebrates | animals that don't have a backbone |
| specialized | complex agregations of (blank) cells that are largely independent of each other and don't form true tissues and organs |
| simplest | among the structurally (blank) multicellular animals |
| marine | nearly all of them are (blank) |
| all | (blank) are sessile |
| simple | variety of shapes and sizes and colors with a (blank) body plan |
| ostia | have numerous (blank) (pore bearers) |
| flexible | have a network of canals and relatively (blank) skeletal framework |
| sessile | this word means living attached to the bottom or some other surface |
| ostia | tiny pores on the surface that allow water to enter and circulate through a series of canals where plankton and organic particles are filtered out and eaten |
| porifera | phylum (blank) meaning "pore bearers" |
| pinacocytes | flat cells through which a microscopic canal allows water the enter, which is then pumped into a feeding chamber |
| porocytes | pore cells through which a microscopic canal allows water the enter, which is then pumped into a feeding chamber |
| choanocytes | collar cells that line the larger feeding chamber. have a flagellum that creates currents and a thin collar that traps food particles, which are ingested by the cell |
| osculum | water leaves through this, a large opening on top of the sponge, many have several oscula |
| suspension feeders | animals that eat food particles suspended in the water |
| filter feeders | they actively filter the food particles, and are called... |
| deposit feeders | animals that eat dead organic particles that settle on the bottom |
| detritus | dead organic particles that settle on the bottom |
| spicules | transparant siliceous or calcareous supporting structures of different shapes and sizes |
| spongin | many sponges have a skeleton of tough, elastic fibers made of this protein |
| amebocytes | wandering cells that secrete spicules and spongin and may transport and store food particles |
| individuals | many reproduce asexually and grow into separate (blank) |
| broadcast spawning | sponges usually retain the eggs inside the body and fertilize internally, and usually release sperm into the water, which is called... |
| larva | a tiny, flagelated sphere of cells that's released into the water and is planktonic and carried by currents until it settles on the bottom and develops. |
| metamorphosis | drastic change from the larva to the adult |
| tropics | sponges mostly live in the... |
| gonads | also reproduce sexually by producing gametes that are not produced by (blank) |
| collar | specialized (blank) cells develop into gametes instead. |
| hermaphrodites | some are both male and female, so they are (blank) |
| huge | may grow into branching, tubular, round, or volcano-like masses that may reach a (blank) size |
| encrusting | when sponges form thin, sometimes brightly colored growths on rocks or dead coral |
| glass | (blank) sponges: live anchoredi n deep-water sediments, have a lace-like skeleton of fused siliceous spicules |
| boring | (blank) sponges bore thin channels through calcium carbonate, such as oyster shells and coral |
| coralline | (blank) sponges have a calcium carbonate skeleton beneath the body of the sponge containing spicules and spongin |
| commercial | some sponges are of (blank) importance |
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