5 Written Questions

1. an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
2. reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs
3. in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally - naturally and automatically - triggers a response
4. the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes
5. learning by observing others

5 Matching Questions

1. primary reinforcer
2. punishment
3. variable-interval schedule
4. fixed-ratio schedule
5. extrinsic motivation

1. a in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
2. b an event that decreases the behavior that it follows
3. c in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
4. d an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
5. e a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
   1. fixed-ratio schedule
   2. fixed-interval schedule
   3. variable-ratio schedule
   4. variable-interval schedule
2. the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
   1. discrimination
   2. extinction
   3. acquisition
   4. generalization
3. a chamber also known as a Skinner box, containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking. Used in operant conditioning research.
   1. operant behavior
   2. reinforcer
   3. operant chamber
   4. operant conditioning
4. in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
   1. reinforcer
   2. behaviorism
   3. extinction
   4. primary reinforcer
5. positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior
   1. prosocial behavior
   2. discrimination
   3. respondent behavior
   4. operant behavior

5 True/False Questions

1. respondent behavior → behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning

   True        False

2. latent learning → learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

   True        False

3. law of effect → frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy.

   True        False

4. cognitive map → a mental representation of the layout of one's environment

   True        False

5. mirror neurons → frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy.

   True        False