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Rutherford discovered alpha particles; nuclues contains all positive charges and most of the mass Thomson discovered the electron Bohr electrons exist in specific energy levels, electrons orbit nuclues like planets orbit the sun Chadwick discovered the neutron Lavoisier law of conservation of mass Proust Law of Definite Proportions electron the negatively charged particle with a mass of 0 amu that occupies the space around the nucleus proton the positively charged particle with a mass of 1 amu found in the nucleus of all atoms neutron an electrically neutral partivle with a mass of amu that is found in the nucleus of atoms isotopes atoms of a particular kind of element that have different numbers of neutrons and therefore different mass numbers atomic mass the weighted average of the atomic masses for the mixture of all naturally occuring isotopes of an element atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom frequency the number of peaks of a wave that pass a point in one second energy the capacity to do work or transfer heat wavelength the distance between peaks or valleys of consecutive waves Planck Quantum theory and E=hv atomic mass unit (amu) the unit for expressing the relative masses of atoms kinetic energy the energy that objects or molecules posses because of their motion potential enerygy the stored energy an object possess because of its position or its chemical composition mechanical energy sum of kinetic and potential energy in a mechanical system chemical potential energy stored energy as a result of chemical composition gravitational potential energy stored energy as a result of location