| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Data | any unorganized text, graphics, sounds, or videos |
| Database | a collection of data |
| Database Programs | enable people to add, sort, group, summarize, and print data |
| Information | data that has been processed in a meaningful and useful way |
| Layers of a Database | bits, characters, fields, records |
| Bits | the lowest layer made of 1's and 0's |
| Characters | letters, numbers, and symbols (represented by a byte) |
| Fields | areas that contain data identified by field names, data files, and databases |
| Records | contain a group of fields |
| Data Files | contain related groups of records |
| Databases | the top layer made of one or more data files |
| Common Data Types? | text, numbers, currency, dates |
| Logical Data | only "yes" or "no" answers are allowed |
| Memos | large units of text |
| Objects | non-textual data |
| Binary Large Objects (BLOB's) | very large objects |
| Default Value | pre-defined values such as today's date |
| Key Field | must be a unique entry such as a social security number or student ID |
| Key Field or Primary Key | one field in a record is identified as the________? |
| File Management Programs | create flat files containing one file or table - files can not be linked to other files - are easy to use and customize - are not as complex as database management systems |
| Database Management Systems (DBMS) | contain multiple files or tables - are programs that enable data to be stored, modified, and extracted from a database - are more difficult to learn that file management systems |
| Relational Database Management Systems | the most widely used type of DBMS - data in several files are related through the used of a common key field |
| Data Warehousing | supplements DBMS's by bringing together all data into one huge database - organizes management's decision making process - uses a technique called drill down to view performance data of the entire company |
| Data Marts | support one division of an organization rather than an entire firm |
| Data Mining | is a data-exploration technique - is used to find unknown patterns of data |
| Query | specially phrased question used to access specific information |
| Web-Based Integration | information is stored in databases that are available through the Internet - latest trend in database software |
| Area's of Importance for Building a Quality Database | data integrity - data independence - avoidance of data redundancy - data security - data maintenance |
| Data Integrity | validity of the data |
| Data Validation | Defines acceptable input ranges for each field |
| Types of Data Validation | alphabetic check - numeric check - range check - consistency check - completeness check |
| Data Security | makes sure data are not accessible to unauthorized users - data is also protected from loss due to equipment failure |
| Data Independence | how data is stored so that it can be sued with different types of application programs. it also refers to the separation of the data in a database to control forms and reports |
| Data Maintenance | refers to the procedures for adding, updating, and deleting records |
| Avoidance of Data Redundancy | refers to avoiding the repetition of data |
| Information System | designed to bring data, computers, procedures, and people together to manage information important to an organization's mission |
| To Be Valuable, Information Must Be _______? | accessible, accurate, complete, economical, relevant, reliable, secure, simple, timely, verifiable |
| Divisions of an Organization | Accounting and Finance - Management - Marketing and Sales - Manufacturing - Human Resources |
| Transaction Processing System (TPS) | handles an organizations accounting needs, including purchasing, sales, and payroll - early ones used batch processing |
| Online Processing | consists of entering transaction data and viewing the results immediately |
| TPS's enable managers to make _______ | operational decisions |
| TPS's can produce _______ | summary and exception reports |
| MIS | a computer based system that supports the information needs of different levels of management |
| MIS's can __________ | help managers make informed tactical decisions - work with transaction processing systems - create reports that tell managers if their goals are being met. |
| Drawbacks of MIS's | reports may contain unwanted information - information may not be available when needed - reams of printouts are often produced |
| Decision Support System (DSS) | enables a manager to retrieve information that can't be supplied by fixed and predetermined MIS reports |
| Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) | enables managers import up to the minute reports from transaction databases |
| Executive Information System (EIS) | support strategic decisions made by top level management that will affect the entire company - also known as executive support system (ESS) |
| Knowledge Management Systems | used to capture knowledge created by employees and made it available when needed |
| Expert Systems | systems that deal with expert knowledge in a particular area |
| Expert Systems Do What? | help in making decisions - use artificial intelligence principles - provide technical support for customers |
| Point of Sale Terminal | replacing the cash register |
| Optical Scanners | read the universal product code (UPC) lable that identifies items, their costs, and any sale prices |
| Credit Card Authorization Terminals | used to process credit card transactions by placing a call to a call center, which provides authorization numbers |
| Check-Screening Systems | read the check's account number, then compare it with delinquent accounts |
| Signature Capture Systems | capture a customer's signature on a pressure-sensitive pad. |
| Photo Checkout Systems | display a customer's photo when a credit card is used |
| Programming Languages | artificial languages created to tell the computer what to do - consists of vocabulary and a set of rules with which to write programs |
| Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC) | an organized method of software development |
| The 5 Generations of Programming Languages | oldest: machine, assembly, procedural, problem-oriented, natural: newest |
| Compiler | a program that changes source code to object code |
| Interpreter | translates source code one line at a time and executes the instructions |
| Report Generators | languages for printing database reports |
| Query Languages | languages for getting information out of databases |
| Natural Language | would be the ultimate nonprocedural language |
| Object Oriented Programming Relies On? | the ability to quickly build a program by utilizing ready to use, specific purpose modules |
| Objects | units of information that contain data as well as methods that process and manipulate data |
| Inheritance | refers to an objects capacity to pass on its characteristics to its subclasses |
| Visual Basic | enables the programmer to develop an application by using on screen graphical user interfaces - uses event driven programming |
| C++ | incorporates objects oriented features - widely used for professional program development |
| Java | developed by Sun Microsystems - an object oriented, high level programming language with a twist - first true cross platform programming language - gained acceptance faster than any other programming language - a simplified version of C++ |
| Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) | sets the attributes of text and objects within a Web page |
| Extensible Markup Language (XML) | used for sharing data and objects in a Web environment |
| VBScript | used to write short programs that are embedded in Web pages |
| JavaScript | used to write scripts on Web pages |
| Visual Studio . NET | used for the development of scripts and programs that are accessible from the Web |
| Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC) | introduced in the 70'd to address problems in creating programs - it provies an organized plan for breaking down the task of program development into manageable parts |
| Six Phases of PDLC | defining, designing, coding, testing and debugging, formalizing, and implementing and maintaining the program |
| Systems Analysis | a field concerned with the organized planning, development, and implementation of artificial system, including information systems |
| System | collection of components organized into a functioning whole to accomplish a goal |
| Artificial System | constructed by people to serve some purpose |
| Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) | a model used to improve the quality of information systems by providing an organized approach to problem solving |
| Scope | the sum total of all project products and their features |
| Scope Creep | uncontrolled changes in a projects scope |
| Technically Feasible | with existing, proven technology |
| Operationally Feasible | with organization's available resources |
| Economically Feasible | with available fiscal resources |
| Tangible Benefits | include labor costs, services, and materials |
| Intangible Benefits | include increased sales and better information on which to base decisions |
| Request for Quotations | request for a vendor to quote a price for specific components of the information system |
| Request for Proposal | request for a vendor to write a proposal for the design, installation, and configuration of the information system |
| Application testing | programs are tested individually and then tested together |
| Acceptance Testing | users evaluate the system to see whether it meets their needs and whether it functions correctly |
| Parallel Conversion | run old and new system at the same time to test answers - safest |
| Pilot Conversion | test one part of organization |
| Phased Conversion | over different time periods |
| Direct Conversion | switch to new system at once and turn off old system - most risky |
| Post Implementation System Review | determines if the new system has met its goals |
| Business Processes | activities that have an identifiable output and add value to an organization's customers |
| Competitive Advantage | a condition that gives an organization a superior position over the companies it competes with |
| Enterprise Systems | information systems that integrate a organization's information and applications across all of the organization's functional divisions |
| Centralized Structures | managed by central IT department - each network entity contains the same software and configuration settings |
| Distributed Structures | enable each user to customize their technology tools - each network entity contains its own software and configuration settings |
| Business Process Reengineering | the use of information technology to bring about major changes and cost savings in an organization |
| Scalability | is how well a hardware of software system can adapt to increased demands |
| Interoperability | ability of software and hardware from different vendors to share data |
| Disaster Recovery | a disaster recover plan is a written plan with detailed instructions on what is to be done if disaster strikes |
| Hot Site | a backup facility that is kept in a state of readiness at all times |
| Cold Site | a backup facility that is made operational once the disaster occurs, not ready before then |
| Single Point of Failure | when a failure of any one component will cause a malfunction in an entire system |
| Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) | software that integrates all facets of a business into a single computer system |
| Customer Relationship Management (CRM) | tracks interactions between a company and its customers with a focus on customer retention |
| Application Service Providers (ASP) | third-party entitles that manage and distribute software-based services |
| Operational Support System (OSS) | a suite of programs that enables an enterprise to monitor, analyze, and manage a network system |
| Storage Area Network (SAN) | high speed subnetwork of shred storage devices - all storage devices made of available to all servers |
| Network Attached Storage (NAS) | high performance devices for data and file sharing - only supplies data to users |
| Web Portals | web sites that offer an array of resources and services are called web portals- AOL first portal |
| Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) | provides as set of standards for the transfer of data between different companies using networks |
| Intranet | network that is only accessible only by an organizations members or authorized users - used to share information |
| Extranet | an Internet that is accessible to authorized outsiders - allows business partners to share information |
| Virtual Private Network (VPN) | constructed by using public wires that are leased to only one company to connect nodes |
| Computer Based Training (CBT) | form of computer based education that uses multimedia, animation, and programmed learning |
| Web Based Training (WBT) | is CBT using the internet or intranet |
| Teleconferencing | when two or more people use telecommunication and computers to conduct business activites |
| Telecommuting | connecting to the office using telecommunications and computers from home |
| Workgroup Computing | specific hardware and software that enables a group of people to connect, communicate, and ccollaborate |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace
!