Flashcards: world History unit 1 vov
All 36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Artifact | A historic object made or used by humans such as a tool, ornament, or pottery |
| Hominid | Member of the group that includes human beings and earlier humanlike creatures |
| Homo Sapiens | The biological species to which modern human beings belonged |
| Nomad | A member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water |
| Hunter/Gatherer | A member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods |
| Neolithic Revolution | A prehistioric period that began about 8000 B.C and in some areas ended as early as 3000 B.C, during which people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals - also called the new stone age |
| Slash-and-burning | Farming method in which people clear feilds by cutting and burning trees and grasses, the ashes of which serve to fertilize the soil |
| Civilization | Highly organized society marked by advanced knowledge of trade, gov't, arts, science, and often written language |
| Specialization | The development of skills in a particular kind of work, such as record keeping or trading |
| Artisan | Person skilled in a craft |
| Scribe | One of the professional record keepers in early civilizations |
| Cuneiform | Sumerian system of writing using wedge shaped markings |
| Ziggurat | A tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a sumerian temple |
| Fertile Crescent | An arc of rich farmland in southwest asia, between the persian gulf and mediterranean sea |
| Culture | A people's unique way of life, as shown by its tools, customs, arts, and ideas |
| City-State | An independent state consisting of a city and the surrounding land and villages |
| Dynasty | A line of rulers who belong to the same family |
| Cultural Diffusion | The exchange of goods, ideas, and customs among different cultures |
| Polytheism | Worship of many gods |
| Theocracy | Gov't headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a God |
| Monsoon | Seasonal wind that affects climates and ways of like in southern asia |
| Subcontinent | Landmass that is a part of a continent but distinct from it, such as India |
| Oracle Bones | One of the animal bones or tortoise shells used by ancient chinese priests to communicate with the gods |
| Mandate of Heaven | 1.) In ancient China, authority granted by heaven to deserving rulers 2.) a territory administered by another nation before independence |
| Caste | One of the four classes of people in the social system of the Aryans who settled in India- priests, warriors, peasants or traders, and non-aryan laborers or craftsman |
| Karma | In hinduism and buddhism, the totality of the good and bad deeds performed by a person, which is believed to determine his or her fate after rebirth |
| Reincarnation | In hinduism and buddhism , the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achives perfect understanding |
| Nirvana | In Buddhism, the release from pain and suffering acheived after enlightenment |
| Enlightenment | In Buddhism, a state of perfect wisdom, in which one understands basic truths about the universe |
| Torah | The first five books of the hebrew bible- the most sacred writings in the jewish tradition |
| Covenant | A solemn pledge or agreement |
| Satraps | Govenor of a persian province |
| Filial Piety | Respect shown by children for their parents and elders |
| Bureaucracy | A group of gov't officials headed by an administrator |
| Legalism | Chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful gov't is the key to social order |
| Monotheism | Belief in a single God |
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