| Term | Definition |
|---|
| First law thermodynamics | energy is constant |
| thermodynamics | study of the relationship between heat, work and other forms of energy |
| thermochemistry | a branch of thermodynamics which focuses on the study of heat given off or absorbed in a chemical reaction |
| temperature | an intensive property of matter; a quantitative measurement of the degree at which an object is hot or cold |
| heat | form of energy associated with random motion of elementary particles of matter |
| heat capacity | amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a defined amount of a pure substance by 1 degree |
| specific heat | amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1C |
| calorie | specific heat of water |
| molar heat capacity | amount of heat required to raise the tempreature of 1 mole of substance by 1C |
| British Thermal Unit | amount of heat needed to raise temperature of lb of water by 1F |
| Sensible heat | heat that can be detected by change in temperature of a system |
| latent heat | heat that can't be detected because there is no change in heat |
| heat of fusion | heat that must be absorbed to melt a mole of solid |
| heat of vaporization | heat that must be absorbed to boil a mole of liquid |
| system | substances involved in the chemical and physical changes under investigation |
| surroundings | everything not involved in the system |
| boundary | separates system from surroundings and can be tangible or imaginary |
| Thermodynamic state of a system | set of conditions that specify all the properties of a system |
| state functions | independent of pathway. temperature, pressure, volume |
| Second law of thermodynamics | in spontaneous changes, the universe tends to lean towards a state of disorder |
| entropy | measure of disorder in a system |
| isolated system | system in which neither heat nor work can be transferred between its surroundings |
| third law of thermodynamics | entropy of a pure, perfect crystalline solid at 0K is zero |
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