Chapter 24 Modern Biology
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Created by:
JCHSShepherd on January 17, 2012
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Classes:
Delbarton 2016, Biology 2 Shepherd
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 virus | A (an)_______is a nonliving particle made up of nucleic acid and a protein coat or nucleic acid and a lipid-protein coat. |
| capsid | A protein coat, or _______is the only layer surrounding some viruses. |
| envelope | Some viruses have a bilipid membrane called a (an) _______that surround the capsid. |
| provirus | The inserted viral DNA into a host genome is known as a (an) _______. |
| retroviruses | Some RNA viruses, called _______, contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase in addition to its RNA. |
| reverse transcriptase | _______ uses RNA as a template to make DNA, which then inserts into the host cell's genome. |
| bacteriophages | Scientists have gained a better understanding of virus replication by studying _______, viruses that infect bacteria. |
| lytic cycle | During the _______, a virus invades a host cell, produces new viruses, and ruptures (lyses) the host cell when releasing newly formed viruses. |
| virulent | Viruses that reproduce only by the lytic cycle are called _______. |
| lysis | In the last step in the lytic cycle, the phage enzyme lysozyme digests the cell wall, and up to 200 new phage particles burst from the bacterial cell in a process called _______. |
| lysogenic cycle | A lytic cycle directly bursts an infected cell, but an infection cycle called a _______ allows viruses to hide in their host cell for days, months, or years. |
| temperate virus | A virus whose replication includes the lysogenic cycle is called a (an) _______. |
| prophage | Phage DNA that is integrated into a specific site of the host cell's chromosome is called a (an) _______. |
| vector | A (an) _______ is an intermediate host that transfers a pathogen or a parasite to another organism. |
| vectors | _______ of viral diseases include humans, animals, mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. |
| protease inhibitors | A class of drugs, called _______, blocks the synthesis of new viral capsids. |
| oncogenes | Some viruses contain viral _______, genes that cause cancer by blocking the normal controls on cell reproduction. |
| proto-oncogene | DNA inserts itself into a host's chromosome near a _______, which usually controls cell growth. _______ is converted to an oncogene. |
| emerging diseases | _______ are illnesses caused by new or reappearing infectious agents that typically exist in animal population--often in isolated habitats--and can infect humans who interact with these animals. |
| inactivated virus | A (an) _______ is not able to replicate in a host. |
| attenuated virus | A (an) _______ is a weakened form of the virus that cannot cause disease. |
| viroid | A (an) _______ is the smallest known particle that is able to replicate, and is made up of a short, circular, single strand of RNA that does not have a capsid, and infects plants. |
| prions | _______ are infectious protein particles that do not have a genome. |
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