Biology Midterm Chapter 6 - Mortensen/Pastine
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Energy | the ability to cause change |
| element | substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of an element |
| nucleus | the center of an atom Contains: protons and neutrons |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| compound | substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| covalent bond | when two atoms share elections (sharing is caring -->caring for covalent) |
| molecule | group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| ion | a charged particle made of atoms |
| ionic bond | when one atoms gains or losses an electron to make its shell "happy" (example: NaCl) |
| metabolism | chemical reactions that occur within an organism -- these reactions break down and build molecules that are important for the functioning of organisms |
| mixture | combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties example: bowl of different color jelly beans |
| solution | mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent) example: koolaid |
| pH | measure of how acidic or basic a solution is The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 0-6.9 acid 7 neutral 7.1-14 bases |
| acid | substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water example: lemon |
| base | substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water example: egg |
| homeostatsis | regulation of the internal environment of a cell or organism to maintain conditions suitable for life |
| polar molecule | a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge --has a positive end and a negative end |
| hydrogen bond | attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen |
| diffusion | movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Diffusion results because of the random movement of particles (Brownian motion) |
| dynamic equilibrium | result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration |
| organism | anything that possesses all the characteristics of life |
| isomer | compounds that have the same chemical formula but different three dimensional structures |
| polymer | large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together |
| carbohydrate | biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipid | large biomolecules that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen |
| protein | large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| amino acid | basic building blocks of protein there are 20 common amino acids |
| peptide bond | bond between amino acids |
| enzyme | protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction |
| nucleic acid | a complex biomolecule that stores cellular information |
| nucleotide | consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrgoen, and phosphorus atoms arranged in three groups -- nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate group nucleotides are subunits of nucleic acides |
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